asp.net-mvc-4 - 为什么在我的 API Controller 完成其请求后会收到 Ninject InvalidOperation 异常？

Question

我有一个 MVC4 Web 应用程序项目，作为更大解决方案的一部分。我也有一个测试项目。我正在处理一堆不会被返工的代码，所以我不能总是做出我想做的更改。

MVC4 Web 应用程序具有“普通” Controller 和 Web API Controller 。我们使用的是 RTM 版本的 Web API，而不是 RC。

我尝试将 IoC 引入到项目中。使用 NuGet 安装技术(而不是下载 DLL 并直接引用它们)，我安装了:

Ninject v3.0.1.10, 
Ninject.MVC3 v3.0.0.6
Ninject.Extensions.Factory v3.0.1.0
Ninject.Web.Common v 3.0.0.7

我的解决方案中没有使用 Ninject 的其他引用组件。

然后，遵循 Brad Wilson 给出的建议和他的 Github Gist https://gist.github.com/2417226 ，以及 Filip W 给出的类似建议 http://www.strathweb.com/2012/05/using-ninject-with-the-latest-asp-net-web-api-source/ ，我实现了一个 NinjectResolver，并“注册”到全局配置中。

当我启动网络应用程序时，默认页面映射到 Index对 ProjectController 采取行动。这会渲染一个 View ，该 View 使用 Knockout 通过调用 ApiController 来填充 ViewModel名为 ApiProjectController.Get() 的操作.

我的NinjectWebCommon.cs代码如下所示:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.Dependencies;
using Ninject.Extensions.Factory;
using Ninject.Syntax;
using OfficeWebApp.Utilities;

[assembly: WebActivator.PreApplicationStartMethod(typeof(OfficeWebApp.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon), "Start")]
[assembly: WebActivator.ApplicationShutdownMethodAttribute(typeof(OfficeWebApp.App_Start.NinjectWebCommon), "Stop")]

namespace OfficeWebApp.App_Start
{
    using System;
    using System.Web;

    using Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure.DynamicModuleHelper;

    using Ninject;
    using Ninject.Web.Common;

    public static class NinjectWebCommon 
    {
        private static readonly Bootstrapper Bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper();

        /// <summary>
        /// Starts the application
        /// </summary>
        public static void Start() 
        {
            DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(OnePerRequestHttpModule));
            DynamicModuleUtility.RegisterModule(typeof(NinjectHttpModule));
            Bootstrapper.Initialize(CreateKernel);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stops the application.
        /// </summary>
        public static void Stop()
        {
            Bootstrapper.ShutDown();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates the kernel that will manage your application.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>The created kernel.</returns>
        private static IKernel CreateKernel()
        {
            var kernel = new StandardKernel();
            kernel.Bind<Func<IKernel>>().ToMethod(ctx => () => new Bootstrapper().Kernel);
            kernel.Bind<IHttpModule>().To<HttpApplicationInitializationHttpModule>();

            RegisterServices(kernel);

            GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.DependencyResolver = new NinjectDependencyResolver(kernel);

            return kernel;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Load your modules or register your services here!
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="kernel">The kernel.</param>
        private static void RegisterServices(IKernel kernel)
        {
            kernel.Bind<IDataManagerConnection>().To<DataManagerConnection>().WithConstructorArgument("overriddenConnectionString", string.Empty);
            kernel.Bind<IDataManagerConnectionFactory>().ToFactory();
        }        
    }

    public class NinjectDependencyScope : IDependencyScope
    {
        private IResolutionRoot resolver;

        internal NinjectDependencyScope(IResolutionRoot resolver)
        {
            Contract.Assert(resolver != null);

            this.resolver = resolver;
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            IDisposable disposable = resolver as IDisposable;
            if (disposable != null)
                disposable.Dispose();

            resolver = null;
        }

        public object GetService(Type serviceType)
        {
            if (resolver == null)
                throw new ObjectDisposedException("this", "This scope has already been disposed");

            return resolver.TryGet(serviceType);
        }

        public IEnumerable<object> GetServices(Type serviceType)
        {
            if (resolver == null)
                throw new ObjectDisposedException("this", "This scope has already been disposed");

            return resolver.GetAll(serviceType);
        }
    }

    public class NinjectDependencyResolver : NinjectDependencyScope, IDependencyResolver
    {
        private IKernel kernel;

        public NinjectDependencyResolver(IKernel kernel)
            : base(kernel)
        {
            this.kernel = kernel;
        }

        public IDependencyScope BeginScope()
        {
            return new NinjectDependencyScope(kernel.BeginBlock());
        }
    }
}

ProjectController代码是:

public class ProjectController : Controller
{
    private readonly IDataManagerConnectionFactory _dataManagerConnectionFactory;

    public ProjectController(IDataManagerConnectionFactory dataManagerConnectionFactory)
    {
        _dataManagerConnectionFactory = dataManagerConnectionFactory;
    }

    [HttpGet]
    public ActionResult Index()
    {
        //TODO:             
        ViewBag.Organisation = "Preview";

        return View();
    }
}

...以及ApiProjectController :

public class ApiProjectController : ApiController
{
    private readonly IDataManagerConnectionFactory _dataManagerConnectionFactory;

    public ProjectsController(IDataManagerConnectionFactory dataManagerConnectionFactory)
    {
        _dataManagerConnectionFactory = dataManagerConnectionFactory;
    }

    [HttpGet]
    public IEnumerable<ProjectTileModel> Get()
    {
        using (IDataManagerConnection connection = _dataManagerConnectionFactory.Create())
        {
            List<ProjectTileModel> projectViewModels = connection.DataManager.GetProjectInfos()
                                                                             .ToList();
            return projectViewModels;
        }
    }
}

在ApiProjectController.Get()之后操作方法已完成，Ninject 向我抛出以下异常:

Error loading Ninject component ICache
No such component has been registered in the kernel's component container.

Suggestions:
  1) If you have created a custom subclass for KernelBase, ensure that you have properly
     implemented the AddComponents() method.
  2) Ensure that you have not removed the component from the container via a call to RemoveAll().
  3) Ensure you have not accidentally created more than one kernel.

调用堆栈如下所示:

Ninject.dll!Ninject.Components.ComponentContainer.Get(System.Type component) Line 160   C#
Ninject.dll!Ninject.Components.ComponentContainer.Get<Ninject.Activation.Caching.ICache>() Line 116 + 0x46 bytes    C#
Ninject.Web.Common.dll!Ninject.Web.Common.OnePerRequestHttpModule.DeactivateInstancesForCurrentHttpRequest.AnonymousMethod__1(Ninject.IKernel kernel) Line 74 + 0x27 bytes  C#
Ninject.dll!Ninject.GlobalKernelRegistration.MapKernels(System.Action<Ninject.IKernel> action) Line 75 + 0xe bytes  C#
Ninject.Web.Common.dll!Ninject.Web.Common.OnePerRequestHttpModule.DeactivateInstancesForCurrentHttpRequest() Line 76    C#
Ninject.Web.Common.dll!Ninject.Web.Common.OnePerRequestHttpModule.Init.AnonymousMethod__0(object o, System.EventArgs e) Line 56 + 0x9 bytes C#

此异常在 ComponentContainer.cs 中的以下 Ninject 代码中抛出。文件:

        Type implementation = _mappings[component].FirstOrDefault(); // <-- see note below...

        if (implementation == null)
            throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionFormatter.NoSuchComponentRegistered(component)); // <-- exception thrown here

注意:在上面指示的行中，_mappings集合仅包含一项；该 key 与 Type 匹配我们正在寻找 ( ICache )，但是 Values成员(即 List<Type> )为空(0 计数)

我应该不使用 OnePerRequestHttpModule ？因为我正在使用.ToFactory()，所以发生了一些有趣的事情吗？在我的绑定(bind)中？我真的不知道为什么 OnePerRequestHttpModule正在调用DeactivateInstancesForCurrentHttpRequest()但 Ninject 似乎想要获取它的内部缓存(也许？)

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

我从来没有真正了解过这件事的真相。我不知道这是 Ninject 中的一个错误，还是我只是错误地使用了它。不过，我通过将 IoC 容器切换到 AutoFAC 解决了我的问题。