powershell - Select-Object Cmdlet 为 Get-NetIPConfiguration(不同类型)返回不同格式的结果

Question

我试图获取我的物理网络适配器的 IP 配置详细信息，同时排除所有虚拟网络适配器。我的脚本如下:

$NetAdaptIndex = Get-NetAdapter -Physical | Select -Property InterfaceIndex -ExpandProperty InterfaceIndex

## Get Ip address, Gateway and DNS details as per configuration
$IPAddressConfig = foreach ($II in $NetAdaptIndex) {
    Write-Host $II -ForegroundColor Yellow
    
    Get-NetIPConfiguration | 
        Where-Object { $_.InterfaceIndex -eq $II} |
        Select-Object InterfaceAlias, InterfaceDescription, InterfaceIndex, Ipv4Address, IPv4DefaultGateway, DNSServer
    } 

当我调用该变量时，我得到以下结果，其中 IPv4Address、IPv4DefaultGateway 和 DNSServer 未以字符串格式返回。

PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> $IPAddressConfig


InterfaceAlias       : WiFi 2
InterfaceDescription : D-Link DWA-171 Wireless AC Dual Band Adapter
InterfaceIndex       : 46
IPv4Address          : {192.168.0.103}
IPv4DefaultGateway   : {MSFT_NetRoute (InstanceID = ":8:8:8:9:55?@55;C?8;@B8:8;55;")}
DNSServer            : {MSFT_DNSClientServerAddress (Name = "46", CreationClassName = "", SystemCreationClassName = "", SystemName = "23"), MSFT_DNSClientServerAddress (Name = "46", CreationClassName = "", SystemCreationClassName = "", SystemName = "2")}

InterfaceAlias       : Ethernet
InterfaceDescription : Broadcom NetLink (TM) Gigabit Ethernet
InterfaceIndex       : 10
IPv4Address          : {169.254.149.208}
IPv4DefaultGateway   :
DNSServer            : {MSFT_DNSClientServerAddress (Name = "10", CreationClassName = "", SystemCreationClassName = "", SystemName = "23"), MSFT_DNSClientServerAddress (Name = "10", CreationClassName = "", SystemCreationClassName = "", SystemName = "2")}

但如果我要手动删除 Select-Object 代码，它会返回格式正确的结果。

Get-NetIPConfiguration | 
        Where-Object { $_.InterfaceIndex -eq 46}

观察 IPv4Address、IPv4DefaultGateway 和 DNSServer 如何返回格式正确的结果。

InterfaceAlias       : WiFi 2
InterfaceIndex       : 46
InterfaceDescription : D-Link DWA-171 Wireless AC Dual Band Adapter
NetProfile.Name      : <removed>
IPv6Address          : <removed>
IPv4Address          : 192.168.0.103
IPv6DefaultGateway   : <removed>
IPv4DefaultGateway   : 192.168.0.1
DNSServer            : 2001:f40:0:3::12:68
                       2001:4860:4860::8888
                       1.1.1.1
                       8.8.8.8

我的问题是为什么会这样？有什么方法可以用来将它们转换为正确的格式吗？后一种格式是我想要的格式。

Answer 1

PowerShell 中的所有内容都是一个对象。具有多个嵌套属性的对象可能会变得非常复杂。

PS > (Get-NetIPConfiguration | Select-Object DNSServer)[0]

DNSServer                                                                                                                                                                                      
---------                                                                                                                                                                                      
{MSFT_DNSClientServerAddress (Name = "11", CreationClassName = "", SystemCreationClassName = "", SystemName = "23"), MSFT_DNSClientServerAddress (Name = "11", CreationClassName = "", Syste...

PS > (Get-NetIPConfiguration | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DNSServer)[0]

InterfaceAlias               Interface Address ServerAddresses                                                                                                                                 
                             Index     Family                                                                                                                                                  
--------------               --------- ------- ---------------                                                                                                                                 
LAN                                 11 IPv6    {}

为了让您的生活更轻松，PowerShell 会在对象显示在屏幕上时对其进行格式化。格式化规则存储在 xml文件: Formatting File Overview .对于 NetTCPIP模块，文件将是 C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\NetTCPIP\Tcpip.Format.ps1xml .这里是 DNSServer项目格式代码:

<ListItem>
<Label>DNSServer</Label>
<ItemSelectionCondition>
    <ScriptBlock>
    ($_.DNSServer.Count -ne 0) -and
    (($_.NetIPv4Interface.ConnectionState -eq "Connected") -or
        ($_.NetIPv6Interface.ConnectionState -eq "Connected"))
    </ScriptBlock>
</ItemSelectionCondition>
<ScriptBlock>
    $output = "";
    foreach($Server in $_.DNSServer) {
    foreach($Address in $Server.ServerAddresses) {
        $output += $Address + "`n";
    }
    };
    $output.Trim("`n");
</ScriptBlock>
</ListItem>

应用的格式由 PSTypeNames 控制。存在于每个对象上的属性:

PS > (Get-NetIPConfiguration)[0].PSTypeNames
NetIPConfiguration
System.Object

当您使用 Select-Object ，它会修改该属性，因此生成的对象会丢失其格式:

PS > (Get-NetIPConfiguration | Select-Object DNSServer)[0].PSTypeNames
Selected.NetIPConfiguration
System.Management.Automation.PSCustomObject
System.Object

唉，简单地重新设置它是行不通的(对象没有正确的结构)，但你可以使用 calculated property 来模拟它。 :

Get-NetIPConfiguration  | Select-Object InterfaceAlias, InterfaceDescription, InterfaceIndex, Ipv4Address, IPv4DefaultGateway, @{ n='DNSServer' ; e={$_.DNSServer.ServerAddresses -join "`n"}}

这将挤压 DNSServer串，所以你以后不能正确地重用它。也许，只是输出 ServerAddresses收集会更方便，看起来也一样:

Get-NetIPConfiguration  | Select-Object InterfaceAlias, InterfaceDescription, InterfaceIndex, Ipv4Address, IPv4DefaultGateway, @{ n='DNSServer' ; e={@($_.DNSServer.ServerAddresses)}}