powershell - 使用 Powershell Limit-Eventlog 设置 Windows 日志最大大小

Question

旨在通过脚本增加所有 Windows 日志的默认大小并更改一些其他属性。以前用 wevtutil 来实现，但在 2016 年无法让它工作，所以切换到 Powershell 的 Limit-Eventlog。全新安装带有最新更新的 Windows Server 2016。

从默认日志属性开始:

PS> Get-Eventlog -List

+--------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+
| Max(K) | Retain |  OverflowAction   | Entries |          Log           |
+--------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+
|    300 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |   2,599 | Application            |
| 20,480 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | HardwareEvents         |
|    512 |      7 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | Internet Explorer      |
| 20,480 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | Key Management Service |
| 20,480 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |  10,390 | Security               |
| 20,480 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |   3,561 | System                 |
| 15,360 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |     360 | Windows PowerShell     |
+--------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+

一次更改一个日志，没有错误:

PS> Limit-Eventlog -Logname Application -MaximumSize 200MB -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded
PS> Limit-Eventlog -Logname HardwareEvents -MaximumSize 200MB -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded
PS> Limit-Eventlog -Logname "Internet Explorer" -MaximumSize 200MB -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded
PS> Limit-Eventlog -Logname "Key Management Service" -MaximumSize 200MB -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded
PS> Limit-Eventlog -Logname Security -MaximumSize 200MB -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded
PS> Limit-Eventlog -Logname System -MaximumSize 200MB -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded
PS> Limit-Eventlog -Logname "Windows Powershell" -MaximumSize 200MB -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded
PS> Get-Eventlog -List

+---------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+
| Max(K)  | Retain |  OverflowAction   | Entries |          Log           |
+---------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |   2,599 | Application            |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | HardwareEvents         |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | Internet Explorer      |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | Key Management Service |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |  10,395 | Security               |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |   3,561 | System                 |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |     362 | Windows PowerShell     |
+---------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+

我想避免对日志名称进行编码。从 Get-Help Limit-EventLog -example 可以看出，ForEach 有更好的方法。但是，这样做似乎仅将 Limit-Eventlog 应用于第一个日志，而对其余 6 个日志则失败。注意，我稍微更改了该值(200MB 到 100MB)，以便很容易看到失败的地方。

$Logs = Get-Eventlog -List | Foreach {$_.log} 
 Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Logs -MaximumSize 100MB -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded 
Get-Eventlog -List

+---------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+
| Max(K)  | Retain |  OverflowAction   | Entries |          Log           |
+---------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+
| 102,400 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |   2,606 | Application            |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | HardwareEvents         |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | Internet Explorer      |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |       0 | Key Management Service |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |  10,399 | Security               |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |   3,563 | System                 |
| 204,800 |      0 | OverwriteAsNeeded |     369 | Windows PowerShell     |
+---------+--------+-------------------+---------+------------------------+

以及 6 个错误:

Limit-Eventlog : The value supplied for MaximumSize parameter has to be in the range of 64 KB to 4GB with an increment of 64 KB. Please enter a proper 
value and then retry.
At line:2 char:5
+     Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Logs -MaximumSize 100MB -OverflowAction  ...
+     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [Limit-EventLog], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ValueOutofRange,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.LimitEventLogCommand

Limit-Eventlog : The value supplied for MaximumSize parameter has to be in the range of 64 KB to 4GB with an increment of 64 KB. Please enter a proper 
value and then retry.
At line:2 char:5
+     Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Logs -MaximumSize 100MB -OverflowAction  ...
+     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [Limit-EventLog], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ValueOutofRange,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.LimitEventLogCommand

Limit-Eventlog : The value supplied for MaximumSize parameter has to be in the range of 64 KB to 4GB with an increment of 64 KB. Please enter a proper 
value and then retry.
At line:2 char:5
+     Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Logs -MaximumSize 100MB -OverflowAction  ...
+     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [Limit-EventLog], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ValueOutofRange,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.LimitEventLogCommand

Limit-Eventlog : The value supplied for MaximumSize parameter has to be in the range of 64 KB to 4GB with an increment of 64 KB. Please enter a proper 
value and then retry.
At line:2 char:5
+     Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Logs -MaximumSize 100MB -OverflowAction  ...
+     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [Limit-EventLog], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ValueOutofRange,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.LimitEventLogCommand

Limit-Eventlog : The value supplied for MaximumSize parameter has to be in the range of 64 KB to 4GB with an increment of 64 KB. Please enter a proper 
value and then retry.
At line:2 char:5
+     Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Logs -MaximumSize 100MB -OverflowAction  ...
+     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [Limit-EventLog], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ValueOutofRange,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.LimitEventLogCommand

Limit-Eventlog : The value supplied for MaximumSize parameter has to be in the range of 64 KB to 4GB with an increment of 64 KB. Please enter a proper 
value and then retry.
At line:2 char:5
+     Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Logs -MaximumSize 100MB -OverflowAction  ...
+     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : InvalidData: (:) [Limit-EventLog], Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ValueOutofRange,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.LimitEventLogCommand

Answer 1

我尝试了两种不同的方法，并且都按预期工作...两者都在做相同的事情，只是使用不同的语法。

将日志名称数组传递给Limit-Eventlog:

$Logs = Get-Eventlog -List | select -ExpandProperty Log
Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Logs -MaximumSize 0.5Gb -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded -WhatIf

并使用foreach将每个日志名称单独传递给Limit-Eventlog:

$Logs = Get-Eventlog -List | select -ExpandProperty Log
Foreach ($Log in $Logs) {
    Limit-Eventlog -Logname $Log -MaximumSize 0.5Gb -OverflowAction OverwriteAsNeeded -WhatIf
}

不进行测试时，您需要删除 -WhatIf。