powershell - 可以使用Write-Error或仅使用throw指定错误类型吗？

Question

我正在构建一个脚本，该脚本将具有带有Try块和多个Catch块的Try statement。 PowerShell中的This page has provided a good guide to help with identifying error types，以及如何在catch语句中处理它们。

到目前为止，我一直在使用 Write-Error 。我认为可以使用一个可选参数(Category或CategoryTargetType)来指定错误类型，然后使用一个专门用于该类型的catch块。

不走运:该类型始终列为Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException。throw给了我确切的追求。

代码

[CmdletBinding()]param()

Function Do-Something {
    [CmdletBinding()]param()
    Write-Error "something happened" -Category InvalidData
}

try{
    Write-host "running Do-Something..."
    Do-Something -ErrorAction Stop

}catch [System.IO.InvalidDataException]{ # would like to catch write-error here
    Write-Host "1 caught"
}catch [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException]{ # it's caught here
    Write-host "1 kind of caught" 
}catch{
    Write-Host "1 not caught properly: $($Error[0].exception.GetType().fullname)"
}


Function Do-SomethingElse {
    [CmdletBinding()]param()
    throw  [System.IO.InvalidDataException] "something else happened"
}

try{
    Write-host "`nrunning Do-SomethingElse..."
    Do-SomethingElse -ErrorAction Stop

}catch [System.IO.InvalidDataException]{  # caught here, as wanted
    Write-Host "2 caught"
}catch{
    Write-Host "2 not caught properly: $($Error[0].exception.GetType().fullname)"
}

输出

running Do-Something...
1 kind of caught

running Do-SomethingElse...
2 caught

我的代码正在做我想要的；当 Write-Error完成工作时，它不必是 throw。我想了解的是:

是否可以使用Write-Error指定类型(或以其他方式区分Write-Error错误)，以便可以在不同的 catch 块中进行处理？

N.B.我知道 $Error[1] -like "something happen*"和使用 if/ else块进行处理是一种选择。

Closest related question I could find on SO - Write-Error v throw in terminating/non-terminating context

Answer 1

您可以使用-Exception参数指定要从Write-Error引发的异常类型，请参见下面的示例(PS5)或Get-Help Write-Error的示例4:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/powershell/reference/5.1/microsoft.powershell.utility/Write-Error

try { 
    Write-Error -ErrorAction Stop -Exception ([System.OutOfMemoryException]::new())  } 
catch [System.OutOfMemoryException] { 
    "Just system.OutOfMemoryException"
} catch {
    "Other exceptions"
}