azure - 将面向新版本 .NET 的 ASP.NET Core 应用部署到现有的 Azure 应用服务？

Question

我有一个在 ASP.NET Core 3.x 上运行的现有 Azure 应用服务。我已将应用程序升级到今天的版本 ASP.NET Core 5 。这在我的本地 IIS Express 服务器上运行良好。但是，当我使用 Visual Studio 2019 将应用程序发布到应用服务时，我收到以下错误:

HTTP Error 500.31 - ANCM Failed to Find Native Dependencies

Common solutions to this issue:

The specified version of Microsoft.NetCore.App or Microsoft.AspNetCore.App was not found.

与 detailed errors enabled ，我得到以下附加信息:

It was not possible to find any compatible framework version 
The framework 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.App', version '5.0.0' was not found.

The following frameworks were found: 
2.1.20 at [D:\Program Files (x86)\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App] 
2.1.22 at [D:\Program Files (x86)\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App] 
2.2.11 at [D:\Program Files (x86)\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App] 
2.2.14 at [D:\Program Files (x86)\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App] 
3.0.3 at [D:\Program Files (x86)\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App] 
3.1.6 at [D:\Program Files (x86)\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App] 
3.1.8 at [D:\Program Files (x86)\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App] 

You can resolve the problem by installing the specified framework and/or SDK. 

The specified framework can be found at:
https://aka.ms/dotnet-core-applaunch?framework=Microsoft.AspNetCore.App&framework_version=5.0.0&arch=x86&rid=win10-x86

我明白了ASP.NET Core 5 would be immediately available on Azure App Services 。我是不是少了一步？如何将 ASP.NET Core 5 Web 应用程序发布到 Azure 应用服务？或者我是否仍然需要等到 .NET 5 运行时在 Azure 上可用？

Note: This question was originally asked for ASP.NET Core 5. However, this question—and its answer—remain relevant to ASP.NET Core 6 and ASP.NET Core 7.

Answer 1

从 the release notes 中尚不完全清楚。引用，但为了利用新的 App Service Early Access feature ( announcement )，您需要显式配置您的应用服务以使用 .NET 5 堆栈。

为 .NET 5 配置现有应用服务

要通过现有应用服务的 Azure 门户执行此操作，请完成以下步骤:

1. 转到您要升级的应用服务
2. 点击左侧导航栏中的配置
3. 点击页面级导航中的常规设置
4. 在堆栈设置下，选择.NET
5. 在框架版本下，选择.NET 5

Note: Technically, once you do this, you'll have the .NET 5 runtime installed and could switch back to e.g. the .NET Core runtime stack. Doing so, however, would prevent you from gaining early access to subsequent updates to .NET, so I wouldn't recommend it.

Note: For ASP.NET Core 6, this option is now labeled ".NET 6 (LTS)". For ASP.NET Core 7, this option is now labeled ".NET 7 (STS)".

为 .NET 5 配置新应用服务

通过 Azure 门户配置新的应用服务时，这种对应用服务早期访问的选择要明确得多。在这种情况下，在创建应用服务时，系统会提示您选择运行时堆栈，在该堆栈下 .NET 5 被明确标记为.NET 5(早期访问)>.

Note: If you already have another App Service configured to use App Service Early Access on the same App Service Plan, then the .NET 5 runtime will already be installed and available. This is because .NET runtimes are shared between App Services on the same App Service Plan.

Note: For ASP.NET Core 6, this option is now labeled ".NET 6 (LTS)". For ASP.NET Core 7, this option is now labeled ".NET 7 (STS)".

Visual Studio 发布警告

即使使用抢先体验功能，假设您启用了版本兼容性检查，从 Visual Studio 2019 16.8 发布时您仍然可能会收到以下警告:

Your application requires the .NET Core 5.0.0 runtime, but Microsoft Azure App Service only supports the following versions: 2.1.20, 2.1.22, 2.2.11, 2.2.14, 3.0.3, 3.1.6, and 3.1.8.

尽管如此，一旦发布，一切都应该可以正常工作，即使您使用的是依赖于框架的部署模式。

应用洞察

警告一句:the App Services Early Access feature doesn't yet support Application Insights integration 的当前实现。我创建了一个issue requesting status updates regarding Application Insights compatibility早在 2020 年 11 月，但我预计不会很快得到解决方案:a follow-up thread未解决就关闭。

如果您仍然依赖 Application Insights 的 Azure 集成，我建议您migrate to the SDK implementation .

Note: Configuring the Application Insights SDK in ASP.NET Core is dramatically simpler than it was in earlier versions of .NET Framework, and requires far less boilerplate code.

替代方案

作为替代方案，您可以选择在发布配置文件 (*.pubxml) 中使用自包含部署模式进行部署。这是 .NET 5 之前的 Azure 应用服务上的 .NET Core 新版本所需的方法，并且至今仍然受到支持。