javascript - 如何在 Javascript 中将 float 转换为其二进制表示形式(IEEE 754)？

Question

在 Javascript 中将 float 转换为其二进制表示形式的最简单方法是什么？ (例如 1.0 -> 0x3F800000)。

我尝试手动执行此操作，这在一定程度上有效(对于通常的数字)，但对于非常大或非常小的数字(没有范围检查)以及特殊情况(NaN、无穷大等)会失败。 :

function floatToNumber(flt)
{
    var sign = (flt < 0) ? 1 : 0;
    flt = Math.abs(flt);
    var exponent = Math.floor(Math.log(flt) / Math.LN2);
    var mantissa = flt / Math.pow(2, exponent);

    return (sign << 31) | ((exponent + 127) << 23) | ((mantissa * Math.pow(2, 23)) & 0x7FFFFF);
}

我是在重新发明轮子吗？

编辑:我改进了我的版本，现在它可以处理特殊情况。

function assembleFloat(sign, exponent, mantissa)
{
    return (sign << 31) | (exponent << 23) | (mantissa);
}

function floatToNumber(flt)
{
    if (isNaN(flt)) // Special case: NaN
        return assembleFloat(0, 0xFF, 0x1337); // Mantissa is nonzero for NaN

    var sign = (flt < 0) ? 1 : 0;
    flt = Math.abs(flt);
    if (flt == 0.0) // Special case: +-0
        return assembleFloat(sign, 0, 0);

    var exponent = Math.floor(Math.log(flt) / Math.LN2);
    if (exponent > 127 || exponent < -126) // Special case: +-Infinity (and huge numbers)
        return assembleFloat(sign, 0xFF, 0); // Mantissa is zero for +-Infinity

    var mantissa = flt / Math.pow(2, exponent);
    return assembleFloat(sign, exponent + 127, (mantissa * Math.pow(2, 23)) & 0x7FFFFF);
}

我仍然不确定这是否 100% 正确，但它似乎工作得足够好。(我仍在寻找现有的实现)。

Answer 1

新技术使这一切变得简单，而且可能也更具前向兼容性。我喜欢扩展内置原型(prototype)，但不是每个人都喜欢。因此，请随意将以下代码修改为经典的过程方法:

(function() {
    function NumberToArrayBuffer() {
        // Create 1 entry long Float64 array
        return [new Float64Array([this]).buffer];
    }
    function NumberFromArrayBuffer(buffer) {
        // Off course, the buffer must be at least 8 bytes long, otherwise this is a parse error
        return new Float64Array(buffer, 0, 1)[0];
    }
    if(Number.prototype.toArrayBuffer)  {
        console.warn("Overriding existing Number.prototype.toArrayBuffer - this can mean framework conflict, new WEB API conflict or double inclusion.");
    }
    Number.prototype.toArrayBuffer = NumberToArrayBuffer;
    Number.prototype.fromArrayBuffer = NumberFromArrayBuffer;
    // Hide this methods from for-in loops
    Object.defineProperty(Number.prototype, "toArrayBuffer", {enumerable: false});
    Object.defineProperty(Number.prototype, "fromArrayBuffer", {enumerable: false});
})();

测试:

(function() {
    function NumberToArrayBuffer() {
        // Create 1 entry long Float64 array
        return new Float64Array([this.valueOf()]).buffer;
    }
    function NumberFromArrayBuffer(buffer) {
        // Off course, the buffer must be ar least 8 bytes long, otherwise this is a parse error
        return new Float64Array(buffer, 0, 1)[0];
    }
    if(Number.prototype.toArrayBuffer)  {
        console.warn("Overriding existing Number.prototype.toArrayBuffer - this can mean framework conflict, new WEB API conflict or double inclusion.");
    }
    Number.prototype.toArrayBuffer = NumberToArrayBuffer;
    Number.fromArrayBuffer = NumberFromArrayBuffer;
    // Hide this methods from for-in loops
    Object.defineProperty(Number.prototype, "toArrayBuffer", {enumerable: false});
    Object.defineProperty(Number, "fromArrayBuffer", {enumerable: false});
})();
var test_numbers = [0.00000001, 666666666666, NaN, Infinity, -Infinity,0,-0];
console.log("Conversion symethry test: ");
test_numbers.forEach(
      function(num) {
               console.log("         ", Number.fromArrayBuffer((num).toArrayBuffer()));
      }
);

console.log("Individual bytes of a Number: ",new Uint8Array((666).toArrayBuffer(),0,8));

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