powershell - 有哪些不同的 PowerShell 文件类型？

Question

如果我尝试在 ISE 中保存文件，默认扩展名是 Powershell Files带括号 (*.ps1, *.psm1, *.psd1, *.ps1xml, *.pssc, *.psrc, *.cdxml)并附有说明

Powershell Scripts (*.ps1)
Powershell Modules (*.psm1)
Powershell Data Files (*.psd1)
Powershell Session Configuration Files (*.pssc)
Powershell Role Capability Files (*.psrc)
Powershell Xml Files (*.psxml, *.cdxml)

这些都有什么作用？

Answer 1

.ps1文件是 PowerShell 脚本；它是最常见的 PowerShell 文件类型，也是最像 .sh 等其他 shell 脚本的类型。 , .bat文件

.psm1文件是 PowerShell 模块；这些可以包含作为一个包交互的多个功能脚本，可以使用 Import-Module 将模块导入 PowerShell cmdlet 以及 Install-Module

其他模块交互 cmdlet:

Export-ModuleMember

Find-Module

Get-InstalledModule

Get-Module

ImportSystemModules

New-Module

New-ModuleManifest

等，通过 *Module* 制表符在 PowerShell

.psd1文件是 PowerShell 数据文件或 PowerShell 模块 list 文件；它们提供信息和说明，并用作 psm1 的 list 文件文件/PowerShell 模块；存储配置数据。可以作为 PowerShell 模块的帮助文件。如需更多信息，请参阅 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/developer/module/how-to-write-a-powershell-module-manifest?view=powershell-7 .使用 Import-PowerShellDataFile 操作, New-ModuleManifest , Test-ModuleManifest , Update-ModuleManifest , 和 Import-LocalizedData cmdlet。

.ps1xml文件是 PowerShell XML s 用于 PowerShell 模块，类似于 .psd1文件，但采用 XML 格式。支持可更新帮助功能的模块也需要模块 list 。可更新帮助使用模块 list 中的 HelpInfoUri 键来查找包含模块更新帮助文件位置的帮助信息 (HelpInfo XML) 文件。 PowerShell XML 文件可以用作模块的帮助文件:需要存在模块 list 文件才能执行此操作。 ps1xml 有一些名称指定用于执行某些操作的文件，请参阅 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_types.ps1xml?view=powershell-7和 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_format.ps1xml?view=powershell-7

.pssc文件是 PowerShell session 配置文件；描述 session 配置文件，这些文件在 session 配置(也称为“端点”)中用于定义使用 session 配置的 session 环境。 session 配置文件可以轻松创建自定义 session 配置，而无需使用复杂的 C# 程序集或脚本。 .pssc文件采用哈希表格式并包含 PowerShell session 的配置信息。见 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/about/about_session_configuration_files?view=powershell-7 . .pssc文件使用 Register-PSSessionConfiguration , Set-PSSessionConfiguration , 和 New-PSSessionConfigurationFile cmdlet。

.psrc文件是 PowerShell 角色能力文件；它们定义了一组在 session 配置和 session 配置 (pssc) 文件中使用的功能。使用哈希表格式。使用 New-PSRoleCapabilityFile cmdlet。见 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/microsoft.powershell.core/new-psrolecapabilityfile?view=powershell-7

.cdxml文件是使用 CIM 工具创建 cmdlet 的 PowerShell XML 文件。见 https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/wmi_v2/cdxml-overview

例子:
示例 psd1 :

@{

RootModule = 'ExampleModule.psm1'
ModuleVersion = '0.0.1'
GUID = '1234abcd-1234-abcd-xxxx-000000000000'
Author = 'User01'
CompanyName = 'Unknown'
Copyright = '(c) User01. All rights reserved.'
Description = 'Example module'

示例 types.ps1xml :

<Type>
  <Name>System.Object[]</Name>
  <Members>
    <AliasProperty>
      <Name>Test</Name>
      <ReferencedMemberName>
        Length
      </ReferencedMemberName>
    </AliasProperty>
  </Members>
</Type>

添加新成员 Count至 System.Array s 成员类型为 AliasProperty :

gm -InputObject @(1,2,3,4)| ?{$_.Name -eq "test"}


   TypeName: System.Object[]

Name       MemberType    Definition
----       ----------    ----------
Test       AliasProperty Test = Length

示例 psrc :

New-PSRoleCapabilityFile `
    -Path ".\Test.psrc" `
    -Author "TestUser" `
    -CompanyName "Test Company" `
    -Description "Description" `
    -ModulesToImport "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core"

创建 Test.psrc带参数 Test.psrc内容:

@{

# ID used to uniquely identify this document
GUID = '4fb9608e-474c-44c3-a752-ea1d9b27dcb0'

# Author of this document
Author = 'TestUser'

# Description of the functionality provided by these settings
Description = 'Description'

# Company associated with this document
CompanyName = 'Test Company'

# Copyright statement for this document
Copyright = '(c) 2020 TestUser. All rights reserved.'

# Modules to import when applied to a session
ModulesToImport = 'Microsoft.PowerShell.Core'

# Aliases to make visible when applied to a session
# VisibleAliases = 'Item1', 'Item2'

# Cmdlets to make visible when applied to a session
# VisibleCmdlets = 'Invoke-Cmdlet1', @{ Name = 'Invoke-Cmdlet2'; Parameters = @{ Name = 'Parameter1'; ValidateSet = 'Item1', 'Item2' }, @{ Name = 'Parameter2'; ValidatePattern = 'L*' } }

# Functions to make visible when applied to a session
# VisibleFunctions = 'Invoke-Function1', @{ Name = 'Invoke-Function2'; Parameters = @{ Name = 'Parameter1'; ValidateSet = 'Item1', 'Item2' }, @{ Name = 'Parameter2'; ValidatePattern = 'L*' } }

# External commands (scripts and applications) to make visible when applied to a session
# VisibleExternalCommands = 'Item1', 'Item2'

# Providers to make visible when applied to a session
# VisibleProviders = 'Item1', 'Item2'

# Scripts to run when applied to a session
# ScriptsToProcess = 'C:\ConfigData\InitScript1.ps1', 'C:\ConfigData\InitScript2.ps1'

# Aliases to be defined when applied to a session
# AliasDefinitions = @{ Name = 'Alias1'; Value = 'Invoke-Alias1'}, @{ Name = 'Alias2'; Value = 'Invoke-Alias2'}

# Functions to define when applied to a session
# FunctionDefinitions = @{ Name = 'MyFunction'; ScriptBlock = { param($MyInput) $MyInput } }

# Variables to define when applied to a session
# VariableDefinitions = @{ Name = 'Variable1'; Value = { 'Dynamic' + 'InitialValue' } }, @{ Name = 'Variable2'; Value = 'StaticInitialValue' }

# Environment variables to define when applied to a session
# EnvironmentVariables = @{ Variable1 = 'Value1'; Variable2 = 'Value2' }


# Format files (.ps1xml) to load when applied to a session
# FormatsToProcess = 'C:\ConfigData\MyFormats.ps1xml', 'C:\ConfigData\OtherFormats.ps1xml'

# Assemblies to load when applied to a session
# AssembliesToLoad = 'System.Web', 'System.OtherAssembly, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'

}

示例 pssc

New-PSSessionConfigurationFile -RoleDefinitions
@{ 'User' = @{ RoleCapabilities = 'Maintenance' }}
-Path .\Maintenance.pssc

创建 Maintenance.pssc有内容

@{

# Version number of the schema used for this document
SchemaVersion = '2.0.0.0'

# ID used to uniquely identify this document
GUID = 'a4f7e8eb-f787-4f2c-bf0f-555db2ca2b05'

# Author of this document
Author = 'User'

# Description of the functionality provided by these settings
# Description = ''

# Session type defaults to apply for this session configuration. Can be 'RestrictedRemoteServer' (recommended), 'Empty', or 'Default'
SessionType = 'Default'

# Directory to place session transcripts for this session configuration
# TranscriptDirectory = 'C:\Transcripts\'

# Whether to run this session configuration as the machine's (virtual) administrator account
# RunAsVirtualAccount = $true

# Scripts to run when applied to a session
# ScriptsToProcess = 'C:\ConfigData\InitScript1.ps1', 'C:\ConfigData\InitScript2.ps1'

# User roles (security groups), and the role capabilities that should be applied to them when applied to a session
RoleDefinitions = @{
    'User' = @{
        'RoleCapabilities' = 'Maintenance' } }

}

注册文件

Register-PSSessionConfiguration -Name Name -Path .\Maintenance.pssc

现在 PowerShell session 以 Name 开始使用 Maintenance.pssc .使用 Name 启动 PowerShell session 采用

New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Name