Java:如何将变量从 JButton ActionListener 传递到主类？

Question

我正在尝试编写一个程序，当单击按钮时生成一个随机数，然后将输出显示在屏幕上。但是，我无法将保存随机数的变量传递到带有 JLabel 的类中，以便可以在该类中使用它。我编写了一个尽可能简单的程序来演示:

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Panel;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args){

    JFrame mainFrame = new JFrame("Experiment");
    mainFrame.setSize(500,500);
    mainFrame.setVisible(true);

    Panel panel = new Panel();
    mainFrame.getContentPane().add(panel);

    JLabel output = new JLabel("This is where the result from the num variable in the numGenerator class would go"); 
    panel.add(output); 

    JButton numGenerator = new JButton("Generate Number");
    panel.add(numGenerator);
    numGenerator.addActionListener(new numGenerator());

    }

static class numGenerator implements ActionListener{
    public void ActionPerfomed (ActionEvent e){

        int num; //This is the variable I want to be passed to the
                 //Main class so it can be displayed in the "output" Jlabel.

        Random dice = new Random();
        num = dice.nextInt(3);

    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }
}
}

我在网上看到其他帮助来创建该类的对象，然后在您想要该变量所在的类中使用它，但我无法在这种情况下让它工作。

Answer 1

您可以使用多种方法来完成此任务...

你可以...

创建一个类、实例变量可供numGenerator直接访问...

public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new Main();
    }

    // This variable will be visible to the inner class numGenerator
    private JLabel output;

    public Main() {
        JFrame mainFrame = new JFrame("Experiment");
        mainFrame.setSize(500,500);
        mainFrame.setVisible(true);

        Panel panel = new Panel();
        mainFrame.getContentPane().add(panel);

        output = new JLabel("This is where the result from the num variable in the numGenerator class would go"); 
        panel.add(output); 

        JButton numGenerator = new JButton("Generate Number");
        panel.add(numGenerator);
        numGenerator.addActionListener(new numGenerator());
    }

    public class numGenerator implements ActionListener{
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

            Random dice = new Random();
            int num = dice.nextInt(3);
            output.setText(Integer.toString(num));

        }
    }
}

这将您的操作与标签紧密结合在一起，从而降低了代码的可重用性...

你可以...

将要更改的标签的引用传递给numGenerator...

public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new Main();
    }

    public Main() {
        JFrame mainFrame = new JFrame("Experiment");
        mainFrame.setSize(500,500);
        mainFrame.setVisible(true);

        Panel panel = new Panel();
        mainFrame.getContentPane().add(panel);

        JLabel output = new JLabel("This is where the result from the num variable in the numGenerator class would go"); 
        panel.add(output); 

        JButton numGenerator = new JButton("Generate Number");
        panel.add(numGenerator);
        numGenerator.addActionListener(new numGenerator(output));
    }

    public class numGenerator implements ActionListener{
        private JLabel label;

        public numGenerator(JLabel label) {
            this.label = label;
        }

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

            Random dice = new Random();
            int num = dice.nextInt(3);
            if (label != null) {
                label.setText(Integer.toString(num));
            }

        }
    }
}

这使得 numGenerator 更加可重用，因为它不依赖于 JLabel 的单个实例

你可以...

使用 Observer style pattern这可以告诉一些感兴趣的团体已经生成了一个新的号码......

public class Main{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        new Main();
    }

    public Main() {
        JFrame mainFrame = new JFrame("Experiment");
        mainFrame.setSize(500,500);
        mainFrame.setVisible(true);

        Panel panel = new Panel();
        mainFrame.getContentPane().add(panel);

        final JLabel output = new JLabel("This is where the result from the num variable in the numGenerator class would go"); 
        panel.add(output); 

        JButton numGenerator = new JButton("Generate Number");
        panel.add(numGenerator);
        numGenerator.addActionListener(new numGenerator(new NumberGeneratorListener() {
            public void numberGenerated(int number) {
                output.setText(Integer.toString(number));
            }
        }));
    }

    public interface NumberGeneratorListener {
        public void numberGenerated(int number);
    }

    public class numGenerator implements ActionListener{
        private NumberGeneratorListener listener;

        public numGenerator(NumberGeneratorListener listener) {
            this.listener = listener;
        }

        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

            Random dice = new Random();
            int num = dice.nextInt(3);
            if (listener != null) {
                listener.numberGenerated(num);
            }

        }
    }
}

这不仅将 numGenerator 与代码的其余部分分离，因为它不依赖于代码的任何其他部分，而且使它非常可重用，因为它不关心数字在哪里去向或如何使用它，由观察者/听众决定......

旁注...

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