docker - 如何衡量 Docker 构建步骤的持续时间？

Question

是否可以配置 Docker 以输出构建 Dockerfile 的时间？

我们运营着一个中等规模的开发团队，并希望收集有关我们开发人员的开发容器的平均构建时间的统计数据。

理想情况下，它应该测量各个步骤的持续时间。

Answer 1

BuildKit ，它在 18.06 中是实验性的，在 18.09 中普遍可用，内置了这个功能。要使用实验模式配置 dockerd 守护进程，您可以设置 daemon.json:

$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "experimental": true
}

然后您可以使用环境变量从客户端启用 BuildKit:

$ export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1
$ docker build -t java-test:latest .
[+] Building 421.6s (13/13) FINISHED
 => local://context (.dockerignore)                                                                           1.6s
 => => transferring context: 56B                                                                              0.3s
 => local://dockerfile (Dockerfile)                                                                           2.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 895B                                                                          0.4s
 => CACHED docker-image://docker.io/tonistiigi/copy:v0.1.3@sha256:e57a3b4d6240f55bac26b655d2cfb751f8b9412d6f  0.1s
 => docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine                                                     1.0s
 => => resolve docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine                                                         0.0s
 => local://context                                                                                           1.7s
 => => transferring context: 6.20kB                                                                           0.4s
 => docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jre-alpine                                                     1.3s
 => => resolve docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jre-alpine                                                         0.0s
 => /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache maven                                                                      61.0s
 => copy /src-0/pom.xml java/pom.xml                                                                          1.3s
 => /bin/sh -c mvn dependency:go-offline                                                                    339.4s
 => copy /src-0 java                                                                                          0.9s
 => /bin/sh -c mvn package -Dmaven.test.skip=true                                                            10.2s
 => copy /src-0/gs-spring-boot-docker-0.1.0.jar java/app.jar                                                  0.8s
 => exporting to image                                                                                        1.2s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                       1.0s
 => => writing image sha256:d57028743ca10bb4d0527a294d5c83dd941aeb1033d4fe08949a135677846179                  0.1s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/java-test:latest                                                           0.1s

还有一个选项可以禁用 tty 控制台输出，它会生成更适合脚本的输出，每个部分都有开始、停止和持续时间:

$ docker build -t java-test:latest --progress plain .                                                                                                                         

#1 local://dockerfile (Dockerfile)                                                      
#1       digest: sha256:da721b637ea85add6e26070a48520675cefc2bed947c626f392be9890236d11b
#1         name: "local://dockerfile (Dockerfile)"      
#1      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899809093 +0000 UTC
#1    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899903348 +0000 UTC
#1     duration: 94.255µs
#1      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.900069076 +0000 UTC
#1 transferring dockerfile: 38B done
#2 ...              

#2 local://context (.dockerignore)  
#2       digest: sha256:cbf55954659905f4d7bd2fc3e5e52d566055eecd94fd7503565315022d834c21
#2         name: "local://context (.dockerignore)"       
#2      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899624016 +0000 UTC
#2    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899695455 +0000 UTC
#2     duration: 71.439µs
#2      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:53.899839335 +0000 UTC
#2    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.359527504 +0000 UTC
#2     duration: 459.688169ms                                                            
#2 transferring context: 34B done                                


#1 local://dockerfile (Dockerfile)
#1    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.592304408 +0000 UTC
#1     duration: 692.235332ms


#3 docker-image://docker.io/tonistiigi/copy:v0.1.3@sha256:e57a3b4d6240f55ba...           
#3       digest: sha256:39386c91e9f27ee70b2eefdee12fc8a029bf5edac621b91eb5f3e6001d41dd4f
#3         name: "docker-image://docker.io/tonistiigi/copy:v0.1.3@sha256:e57a3b4d6240f55bac26b655d2cfb751f8b9412d6f7bb1f787e946391fb4b21b"
#3      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.731749377 +0000 UTC 
#3    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.732013326 +0000 UTC
#3     duration: 263.949µs


#5 docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine
#5       digest: sha256:d680c6a82813d080081fbc3c024d21ddfa7ff995981cc7b4bfafe55edf80a319
#5         name: "docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jdk-alpine"
#5      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.731483638 +0000 UTC
#5    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.732480345 +0000 UTC
#5     duration: 996.707µs


#4 docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jre-alpine
#4       digest: sha256:9ed31df4e6731a1718ea93bfa77354ad1ea2d1625c1cb16e2087d16d0b84bd00
#4         name: "docker-image://docker.io/library/openjdk:8-jre-alpine"                
#4      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.73176516 +0000 UTC
#4    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.732603067 +0000 UTC
#4     duration: 837.907µs                              


#7 local://context
#7       digest: sha256:efe765161a29e2bf7a41439cd2e6656fcf6fa6bc97da825ac9b5a0d8adecf1ac
#7         name: "local://context"
#7      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.73178732 +0000 UTC
#7    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.731880943 +0000 UTC
#7     duration: 93.623µs
#7      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:54.792740019 +0000 UTC
#7 transferring context: 473B done
#7    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.059008345 +0000 UTC
#7     duration: 266.268326ms


#9 /bin/sh -c mvn dependency:go-offline
#9       digest: sha256:2197672cd7a44d93e0dba40aa00d7ef41f8680226d91f469d1c925646bdc8d6d
#9         name: "/bin/sh -c mvn dependency:go-offline"
#9      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#9    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#9     duration: 0s
#9       cached: true


#10 copy /src-0 java
#10       digest: sha256:36cf252c34be098731bd8c5fb3f273f9c1437a5f74a65a3555d71150c2092fa7
#10         name: "copy /src-0 java"
#10      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#10    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#10     duration: 0s
#10       cached: true

#11 /bin/sh -c mvn package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
#11       digest: sha256:390464b1fdc7a4c833b3476033d95b7714e22bcbfd018469e97b04781cb41532
#11         name: "/bin/sh -c mvn package -Dmaven.test.skip=true"
#11      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#11    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#11     duration: 0s
#11       cached: true


#12 copy /src-0/gs-spring-boot-docker-0.1.0.jar java/app.jar
#12       digest: sha256:a7d60191a720f80de72a77ebe0d4bd1b0fd55d44e623661e80916b7fd1952076
#12         name: "copy /src-0/gs-spring-boot-docker-0.1.0.jar java/app.jar"
#12      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#12    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203555216 +0000 UTC
#12     duration: 106.069µs
#12       cached: true


#6 /bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache maven
#6       digest: sha256:db505db5e418f195c7bad3a710ad40bec3d91d47ff11a6f464b3ae37af744e7d
#6         name: "/bin/sh -c apk add --no-cache maven"
#6      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#6    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#6     duration: 0s
#6       cached: true


#8 copy /src-0/pom.xml java/pom.xml
#8       digest: sha256:f032d4ff111c6ab0efef1a4e37d2467fffe43f48a529b8d56291ec81f96296ab
#8         name: "copy /src-0/pom.xml java/pom.xml"
#8      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#8    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203449147 +0000 UTC
#8     duration: 0s
#8       cached: true


#13 exporting to image
#13       digest: sha256:d536dc2895c30fbde898bb4635581350a87c21f3695913ba21850a73d31422d9
#13         name: "exporting to image"
#13      started: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.203674127 +0000 UTC
#13 exporting layers done
#13 writing image sha256:d57028743ca10bb4d0527a294d5c83dd941aeb1033d4fe08949a135677846179 0.1s done
#13 naming to docker.io/library/java-test:latest
#13    completed: 2018-09-05 19:30:55.341300051 +0000 UTC
#13     duration: 137.625924ms
#13 naming to docker.io/library/java-test:latest 0.0s done