python - 我怎样才能让 pygame 中的按钮正常工作？ (刽子手游戏)

Question

嗨，我是一名 Python 菜鸟，我正在尝试自己用 pygame 制作一个刽子手游戏，同时尽可能避免 YouTube 教程的帮助。

我的问题是:

1. 当我将鼠标悬停在按钮上时，按钮会改变颜色(这很好)，但即使我仍然将鼠标悬停在按钮上，它也会变回来。此外，当鼠标悬停在多个按钮上时，按钮的响应能力非常差。

2. 当我单击按钮时，程序认为我多次单击该按钮。因为它多次执行 print('clicked!') 行。

3. 最后，当我单击按钮来位图传送 Sprite 时，它只会传送 Sprite 一小会儿，然后会自动取消位图传送。

这是我的代码:

import pygame
pygame.init()

# DISPLAY
WIDTH, HEIGHT = 800, 500
window = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
# TITLE BAR
TITLE = "Hangman"
pygame.display.set_caption(TITLE)
# HANGMAN SPRITES
man = [pygame.image.load(f"hangman{frame}.png") for frame in range(0, 7)]


class Button:

    def __init__(self, color, x, y, radius, text=""):
        self.radius = radius
        self.color = color
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = 2
        self.text = text
        self.visible = True

    def draw(self, window, outline=None):
        if self.visible:
            if outline:
                # draws a bigger circle behind
                pygame.draw.circle(window, outline, (self.x, self.y), self.radius + 2, 0)
            pygame.draw.circle(window, self.color, (self.x, self.y), self.radius, 0)

        if self.text != "":
            if self.visible:
                font = pygame.font.SysFont("courier", 30)
                text = font.render(self.text, 1, (0, 0, 0))
                window.blit(text, (self.x - text.get_width() / 2, self.y - text.get_height() / 2))

    def hover(self, pos):
        if self.y + self.radius > pos[1] > self.y - self.radius:
            if self.x + self.radius > pos[0] > self.x - self.radius:
                return True
        return False


def main():
    run = True
    FPS = 60
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    large_font = pygame.font.SysFont("courier", 50)

    letters = []
    error = 0

    def redraw_window():
        window.fill((255, 255, 255))
        
        window.blit(man[0], (20, 100))
        # DRAWS LETTER BUTTONS
        for letter in letters:
            letter.draw(window, (0, 0, 0))
        pygame.display.update()

    while run:
        redraw_window()
        clock.tick(FPS)

        alphabet = list("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
        letter_x1, letter_y1 = 40, 375
        letter_x2, letter_y2 = 40, 435
        for i in range(13):
            letter_1 = Button((255, 255, 255), letter_x1, letter_y1, 25, alphabet[i])
            letters.append(letter_1)
            letter_x1 += 60
        for i in range(13, 26):
            letter_2 = Button((255, 255, 255), letter_x2, letter_y2, 25, alphabet[i])
            letters.append(letter_2)
            letter_x2 += 60

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                run = False
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
                for letter in letters[:]:
                    if letter.hover(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        letter.color = (0, 255, 0)
                    else:
                        letter.color = (255, 255, 255)
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                for letter in letters:
                    if letter.hover(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        print("clicked!")
                        window.blit(man[1], (20, 100))
                        pygame.display.update()
    quit()
main()

另外，我从 YouTube 上的 Tech With Tim Hangman 教程中获得了 Sprite (我只是在没有看他编写游戏代码的情况下获得了 Sprite ，因为我想尝试自己做，这样我可以了解更多)。我还从 Tech With Tim 的视频中获得了按钮类的代码。

Answer 1

首先在应用程序循环之前初始化按钮，而不是在循环中连续进行

def main():

    # init buttons
    alphabet = list("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
    letter_x1, letter_y1 = 40, 375
    letter_x2, letter_y2 = 40, 435
    for i in range(13):
        letter_1 = Button((255, 255, 255), letter_x1, letter_y1, 25, alphabet[i])
        letters.append(letter_1)
        letter_x1 += 60
    for i in range(13, 26):
        letter_2 = Button((255, 255, 255), letter_x2, letter_y2, 25, alphabet[i])
        letters.append(letter_2)
        letter_x2 += 60

    # application loop
    while run:
        # [...]

---

给按钮添加一个属性clicked，用于存储按钮(类似visible属性):

class Button:

    def __init__(self, color, x, y, radius, text=""):
        # [...]

        self.visible = True
        self.clicked = False

单击按钮时设置属性:

def main():
    # [...]

    while run:
        # [...]
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            # [...]
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                for letter in letters:
                    if letter.hover(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        letter.clicked = True

现在您可以根据按钮的单击状态绘制对象:

def main():
    # [...]

    def redraw_window():
        window.fill((255, 255, 255))
        
        window.blit(man[0], (20, 100))
        # DRAWS LETTER BUTTONS
        for letter in letters:
            letter.draw(window, (0, 0, 0))
             
            if letter.clicked:
                # [...]

        pygame.display.update()

    # [...]
    while run:
        redraw_window()
        # [...]        

或者或者另外，您可以将最后单击的按钮存储到变量(lastLetterClicked)并根据该变量绘制一些内容:

def main():
    # [...]

    def redraw_window():
        # [...]

        if lastLetterClicked:
            # [...]

        pygame.display.update()

    lastLetterClicked = None
    while run:
        redraw_window()
        # [...]

        for event in pygame.event.get():
            # [...]
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                for letter in letters:
                    if letter.hover(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        # [...]
                        lastLetterClicked = letter

        # [...]