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docker - 如何逐层调试docker pull？

转载 作者：行者123 更新时间：2023-12-02 18:43:48 32 4
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[情况] 所以我们有这个 docker 镜像。像所有其他图像一样，它由几层组成。一旦我们在 docker pull image:v42 期间发现了这一点，两个特定的图层需要很长时间才能下载，有时甚至会挂断几分钟。
不知何故，我想调试并找出 Dockerfile 的哪一部分在这两层中。执行后docker history image-id甚至使用 Dive ，我发现层摘要与 docker pull 期间终端中显示的摘要完全不同.甚至层的大小也不同。
[问题] 有没有办法将这些“docker 历史”摘要与“docker pull”摘要相关联？或者即我怎样才能找出这些层中下载的内容？
[p.s.]我想到的唯一可能有帮助的事情是注释掉整个 Dockerfile，开始逐行取消注释并在每个新行中构建一个镜像。最后，我会偶然发现这些层。但必须有更好的方法。不？
更新(2020 年 9 月 12 日 | Docker 19.03.12):我们发现在无根模式下运行 Docker 会使拉取时间加倍。即 5GB 镜像 docker pull 作为 root --> ~4min。和 docker pull 以无根模式-> ~9-10min。大部分时间用于下载这 2 层并提取所有层。

最佳答案

除了它们的大小之外，很难指定为什么这些层很慢。如果上游还有其他原因，那就是从 Cloudflare 到 Docker 托管(可能在 AWS S3 存储桶之类的东西中)的大量移动部分，然后是您的本地网络。对于非常频繁的使用，还有速率限制(这些限制将在接下来的几个月内对其他用户变得更加明显)。假设这只是一个大层，您可以直接从注册表中提取 blob 来检查它。下面是一些使用 curl 访问注册表 API 的脚本:

$ cat manifest-v2.sh 
#!/bin/sh

ref="${1:-library/ubuntu:latest}"
repo="${ref%:*}"
tag="${ref##*:}"
api="application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"
token=$(curl -s "https://auth.docker.io/token?service=registry.docker.io&scope=repository:${repo}:pull" \
        | jq -r '.token')
curl -H "Accept: ${api}" \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $token" \
     -s "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/${repo}/manifests/${tag}" | jq .


$ cat get-blob.sh 
#!/bin/sh

ref="${1:-library/ubuntu:latest}"
repo="${ref%:*}"
tag="${ref##*:}"
digest="$2"
token=$(curl -s "https://auth.docker.io/token?service=registry.docker.io&scope=repository:${repo}:pull" \
        | jq -r '.token')
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $token" \
     -s -L -o - "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/${repo}/blobs/${digest}"
然后运行这些，您可以看到您在拉取中查看的摘要并下载该特定层，通过 tar 运行它，然后查看该层中的内容: 
$ ./manifest-v2.sh weberstephanhd/iacbox2:v380
{
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
  "config": {
    "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json",
    "size": 36642,
    "digest": "sha256:4588fe154684dfe09b266e2a122b0789dc7ee89ff284fb140f14962fa2d5c754"
  },
  "layers": [
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 26697127,
      "digest": "sha256:7595c8c21622ea8a8b9778972e26dbbe063f7a1c4b0a28a80a34ebb3d343b586"
    },
... lots of other layers ...
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 19899,
      "digest": "sha256:5350cb37a04f91a25c1e2f288310f58769cf77761c00e68059931ec3dcc67301"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 1364512,
      "digest": "sha256:476cd410766a5218a41bec1d3c772653ced6d5ad0cc14e52c303901da0255327"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 22698271,
      "digest": "sha256:1437ee729887a466d9d51b97321ce22f7f15c9340a622ce876f90cd7c0bc5952"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 17743524,
      "digest": "sha256:c7ed8287f08ff5f00a8c6a29afb9ceaa0bcf0e2fa0191f7bbb41aa8213ed55f6"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 5661386,
      "digest": "sha256:2e8965a34b4adf2d08f2cf12715ee40d1872c82ebda0fd1fb3711510b10ad07d"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 129,
      "digest": "sha256:6e71916e2b6e0112ea835e239c5770c1954f53c33d8dc80e0285af4b562a07e7"
    },
    {
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
      "size": 115,
      "digest": "sha256:b9677e754d0339eca6ffe9889d7d920f69efeb9987eb75308ee0479d11fa30cc"
    }
  ]
}

$ ./get-blob.sh weberstephanhd/iacbox2:v380 sha256:5350cb37a04f91a25c1e2f288310f58769cf77761c00e68059931ec3dcc67301 | tar -tzvf -
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 etc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 etc/profile.d/
-rw-r--r-- root/root      1186 2020-09-04 07:49 etc/profile.d/iacbox-env.sh
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 etc/skel/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 etc/skel/.azure/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root         0 1969-12-31 19:00 etc/skel/.azure/.wh..wh..opq
-rw-r--r-- root/root        25 2020-09-04 07:49 etc/skel/.azure/telemetry.json
-rw-r--r-- root/root       167 2020-09-04 07:49 etc/skel/.bash_aliases
-rw-r--r-- root/root       169 2020-09-04 07:49 etc/skel/.rvmrc
drwx------ root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 root/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 root/.azure/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root         0 1969-12-31 19:00 root/.azure/.wh..wh..opq
-rw-r--r-- root/root        25 2020-09-04 07:49 root/.azure/telemetry.json
-rw-r--r-- root/root       167 2020-09-04 07:49 root/.bash_aliases
-rw-r--r-- root/root       169 2020-09-04 07:49 root/.rvmrc
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 root/.ssh/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root         0 1969-12-31 19:00 root/.ssh/.wh..wh..opq
-rw-r--r-- root/root        51 2020-09-04 07:49 root/.ssh/config
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1249 2020-09-04 07:49 root/profile.d_iacbox-env.sh
drwxrwxrwt root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 tmp/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      2288 2020-09-04 07:49 tmp/acceptance-test.sh
-rw------- root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 tmp/.wh.config_files
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2020-07-13 10:48 usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:47 usr/local/
drwxr-xr-x 503/staff         0 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/
lrwxrwxrwx root/root         0 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/bosh2 -> /usr/local/bin/bosh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     15672 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/execute-iac-command.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     16675 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/iac-cmd.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1334 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/iac-validate.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      3850 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/prepare_git_credentials.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root        47 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/print-iaas-cli-environment.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       111 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/sshtunnel-to-landscape.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root     15700 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/tunnel-to-landscape.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       824 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/whitelist-check-external-ips.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       536 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/whitelist-create-external-ips.sh
-rwxr-xr-x root/root       535 2020-09-04 07:49 usr/local/bin/whitelist-import-external-ips.sh
至于为什么摘要不同，这归结为压缩。这些 blob 的媒体类型是注册表上的压缩 tar，但是一旦下载到本地 docker 引擎，它就会解压缩该层，并且本地摘要位于未压缩的 tar 上。这也解释了为什么尺寸不匹配。
要将图层与历史记录对齐，您可以将历史记录与 list 进行比较，只需注意行的顺序( docker history 显示行与 v1 注册表 API 一样，而 v2 API 调用将显示行从最旧到最新)并且并非历史记录中的每一行都会产生一个新的 blob。如果您查看与图像关联的配置 json，这将变得更加明显: 
$ more get-config-v2.sh
#!/bin/sh

ref="${1:-library/ubuntu:latest}"
repo="${ref%:*}"
tag="${ref##*:}"
token=$(curl -s "https://auth.docker.io/token?service=registry.docker.io&scope=repository:${repo}:pull" \
        | jq -r '.token')
digest=$(curl -H "Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json" \
              -H "Authorization: Bearer $token" \
              -s "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/${repo}/manifests/${tag}" \
         | jq -r .config.digest)
curl -H "Accept: application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json" \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $token" \
     -s -L "https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/${repo}/blobs/${digest}" | jq .

$ ./get-config-v2.sh weberstephanhd/iacbox2:v380
{
  "architecture": "amd64",
  "config": {
    "Hostname": "",
    "Domainname": "",
    "User": "root",
    "AttachStdin": false,
    "AttachStdout": false,
    "AttachStderr": false,
    "Tty": false,
    "OpenStdin": false,
    "StdinOnce": false,
    "Env": [
      "PATH=/opt/ostoolset/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin",
      "CF_HOME=/root",
      "CF_PLUGIN_HOME=/usr/local/lib/cf_plugins",
      "TF_PLUGIN_DIR=/usr/local/lib/terraform_plugins",
      "GOROOT=/usr/local/go",
      "PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore:Certificate for :::",
      "OS_VOLUME_API_VERSION=2",
      "LANG=en_US.UTF-8",
      "LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8",
      "LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8"
    ],
    "Cmd": [
      "/bin/bash"
    ],
    "ArgsEscaped": true,
    "Image": "sha256:622904aeb073d26c0a17d87bf4df9cb026ffa99f1f5e9f3ff0fb6135e6aeb54e",
    "Volumes": null,
    "WorkingDir": "",
    "Entrypoint": null,
    "OnBuild": null,
    "Labels": null
  },
  "container": "af499c54916b436d2fee37da88a6e48ee1e1b218dece9747773396567cfcab23",
  "container_config": {
    "Hostname": "af499c54916b",
    "Domainname": "",
    "User": "root",
    "AttachStdin": false,
    "AttachStdout": false,
    "AttachStderr": false,
    "Tty": false,
    "OpenStdin": false,
    "StdinOnce": false,
    "Env": [
      "PATH=/opt/ostoolset/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin",
      "CF_HOME=/root",
      "CF_PLUGIN_HOME=/usr/local/lib/cf_plugins",
      "TF_PLUGIN_DIR=/usr/local/lib/terraform_plugins",
      "GOROOT=/usr/local/go",
      "PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore:Certificate for :::",
      "OS_VOLUME_API_VERSION=2",
      "LANG=en_US.UTF-8",
      "LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8",
      "LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8"
    ],
    "Cmd": [
      "/bin/sh",
      "-c",
      "#(nop) ",
      "USER root"
    ],
    "ArgsEscaped": true,
    "Image": "sha256:622904aeb073d26c0a17d87bf4df9cb026ffa99f1f5e9f3ff0fb6135e6aeb54e",
    "Volumes": null,
    "WorkingDir": "",
    "Entrypoint": null,
    "OnBuild": null,
    "Labels": {}
  },
  "created": "2020-09-04T11:49:53.021161021Z",
  "docker_version": "19.03.6",
  "history": [
    {
      "created": "2020-07-24T14:38:19.482143079Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:7d9bbf45a5b2510d44d3206a028cf6502757884d49e46d3d2e6356c3a92c4309 in / "
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-07-24T14:38:20.335965442Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c [ -z \"$(apt-get indextargets)\" ]"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-07-24T14:38:21.071294363Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c set -xe \t\t&& echo '#!/bin/sh' > /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d \t&& echo 'exit 101' >> /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d \t&& chmod +x /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d \t\t&& dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl \t&& cp -a /usr/sbin/policy-rc.d /sbin/initctl \t&& sed -i 's/^exit.*/exit 0/' /sbin/initctl \t\t&& echo 'force-unsafe-io' > /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/docker-apt-speedup \t\t&& echo 'DPkg::Post-Invoke { \"rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true\"; };' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \t&& echo 'APT::Update::Post-Invoke { \"rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/*.deb /var/cache/apt/*.bin || true\"; };' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \t&& echo 'Dir::Cache::pkgcache \"\"; Dir::Cache::srcpkgcache \"\";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-clean \t\t&& echo 'Acquire::Languages \"none\";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-no-languages \t\t&& echo 'Acquire::GzipIndexes \"true\"; Acquire::CompressionTypes::Order:: \"gz\";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes \t\t&& echo 'Apt::AutoRemove::SuggestsImportant \"false\";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-autoremove-suggests"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-07-24T14:38:21.85928744Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'docker' > /run/systemd/container"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-07-24T14:38:22.027273323Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:28.397707805Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV CF_HOME=/root",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:28.50996911Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV CF_PLUGIN_HOME=/usr/local/lib/cf_plugins",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:28.613680523Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV TF_PLUGIN_DIR=/usr/local/lib/terraform_plugins",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:28.716721682Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV GOROOT=/usr/local/go",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:28.819392564Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV PATH=/opt/ostoolset/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/go/bin",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:28.92341478Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore:Certificate for :::",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:29.024894545Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV OS_VOLUME_API_VERSION=2",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:29.618098106Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c rm /bin/sh && ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:40.330900434Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c apt-get update &&     DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive     apt-get install -y     apt-utils     apt-transport-https     gnupg2     curl     wget     locales &&     rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:41.633234144Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c locale-gen \"en_US.UTF-8\""
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:41.742325545Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV LANG=en_US.UTF-8",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:41.845327099Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV LANGUAGE=en_US.UTF-8",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:41.954629412Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:42.08703115Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:298c66e94d89d7e189c54b0e79c24ac300dd4f3524469d0d8adcf16d5f3f5776 in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/extended.list "
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:45.007887008Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c curl -sSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource.gpg.key | apt-key add - &&     curl -sSL https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | apt-key add - &&     curl -L https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add - &&     curl -sSL https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add - &&     curl -sSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add - &&     mkdir -p \"/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/sap.com\" \"/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/verizon\" &&     curl -sSL http://aia.pki.co.sap.com/aia/SAPNetCA_G2.crt -o \"/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/sap.com/SAPNetCA_G2.crt\" &&     curl -sSL http://aia.pki.co.sap.com/aia/SAP%20Global%20Root%20CA.crt -o \"/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/sap.com/SAP_Global_Root_CA.crt\" &&     curl -sSL https://de.ssl-tools.net/certificates/f326e9f894088fb560a001aa2c0ea8b1c20e6c35.pem -o \"/usr/local/share/ca-certificates/verizon/Verizon_Public_SureServer_CA_G14-SHA2.crt\" &&     update-ca-certificates"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:45.871796489Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | apt-key add -"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-08-27T04:23:46.464366636Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c echo \"deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ bionic\"-pgdg main | tee  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list"
    },
... bunch of history trimmed ...
    {
      "created": "2020-09-04T11:49:51.582086565Z",
      "created_by": "|17 TF_BIN_RELEASE_URL_PREFIX=https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_ALI=1.70.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_ARCHIVE=1.2.2 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AWS=2.70.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZURE=2.17.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZUREAD=0.10.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZURE_LEGACY=1.44.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_DNS=2.1.1 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_GOOGLE=3.15.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_LOCAL=1.4.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_NULL=2.1.2 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_OPEN_STACK=1.20.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_POSTGRESQL=1.1.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_RANDOM=2.3.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_TEMPLATE=2.1.2 TF_VERSION=0.12.28 VAULT_VERSION=1.4.2 /bin/sh -c cp /root/go/bin/ossutil /usr/local/bin"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-09-04T11:49:51.726671638Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  ARG VERSION=latest",
      "empty_layer": true
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-09-04T11:49:52.311382499Z",
      "created_by": "|18 TF_BIN_RELEASE_URL_PREFIX=https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_ALI=1.70.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_ARCHIVE=1.2.2 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AWS=2.70.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZURE=2.17.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZUREAD=0.10.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZURE_LEGACY=1.44.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_DNS=2.1.1 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_GOOGLE=3.15.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_LOCAL=1.4.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_NULL=2.1.2 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_OPEN_STACK=1.20.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_POSTGRESQL=1.1.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_RANDOM=2.3.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_TEMPLATE=2.1.2 TF_VERSION=0.12.28 VAULT_VERSION=1.4.2 VERSION=v380 /bin/sh -c echo ${VERSION} > /docker_image_version"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-09-04T11:49:52.91091882Z",
      "created_by": "|18 TF_BIN_RELEASE_URL_PREFIX=https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_ALI=1.70.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_ARCHIVE=1.2.2 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AWS=2.70.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZURE=2.17.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZUREAD=0.10.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_AZURE_LEGACY=1.44.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_DNS=2.1.1 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_GOOGLE=3.15.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_LOCAL=1.4.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_NULL=2.1.2 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_OPEN_STACK=1.20.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_POSTGRESQL=1.1.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_RANDOM=2.3.0 TF_PROVIDER_VERSION_TEMPLATE=2.1.2 TF_VERSION=0.12.28 VAULT_VERSION=1.4.2 VERSION=v380 /bin/sh -c echo migrated > /migrated"
    },
    {
      "created": "2020-09-04T11:49:53.021161021Z",
      "created_by": "/bin/sh -c #(nop)  USER root",
      "empty_layer": true
    }
  ],
  "os": "linux",
  "rootfs": {
    "type": "layers",
    "diff_ids": [
      "sha256:7ef3687765828a9cb2645925f27febbac21a5adece69e8437c26184a897b6ec7",
      "sha256:83f4287e1f0496940f8c222ca09cbaf2c7f564a10c57b4609800babe8d1b5b32",
      "sha256:d3a6da143c913c5e605737a9d974638f75451b5c593e58eb7e132fcf0e23c6db",
      "sha256:8682f9a74649fb9fc5d14f827a35259aae8b58c57df8d369f6aa2e92865930c2",
      "sha256:6fd2b828f15530b3e91fdc47694d1165a90a2e33edce9c30961a1fb0c92f2d51",
      "sha256:c41b334c1d5f7c94942e7b6372d5c18f43e8840eb12d7683f6b45856d2776d1a",
      "sha256:a180f973b01e39cd5eb3fc04222d06be573eb308e5a096157c3a9c5c523e3e0c",
      "sha256:424841a53760a9261eb7b4d3dd7c70b62bc74525a13412d0dbbca8deea4255d3",
      "sha256:198605a838ddf053e6120869caebef0272b725c354a42a1d20beeaf8e02674c0",
      "sha256:487242c09dbb7034f6f38585f74f28255d0a574c3db706c830e8408d2436b2fe",
      "sha256:68b89d709fcb495c984b811f195c86dc36831f2cd4f95f38a26fed3baa4e2c5e",
      "sha256:877656568034f2328abd9d73036463d160b0da912ace2535e5c13a75c893413f",
      "sha256:70f7e4f7c12ea90fda9f0442bbb4e6ea7bae448b56d8b6c83c365adb09254367",
      "sha256:0576dc0190175293ca7cbba2a6ea93957db46458246da26f1434b432d66173db",
      "sha256:218cf40a20bbf60704152566772bc0bf803374c594e47261f05ab2b207f497fb",
      "sha256:f5845a9ea4efd834b747a109209d46b6dcb5e05e88a27df67de4aba03dd92f18",
      "sha256:000cddfa5fea51b517db796168add34b9648955dfa6421c8c158709d9687cb32",
      "sha256:4bd3750abf95ceb7d4e6c8f47acdc1c9db754325e050776186ae0a681e032fcd",
      "sha256:810c4b2cb213baf64895dec8566410e7b401436bf524c33d55893a45748c1bba",
      "sha256:5dcb620bac21a7449919d730e5e7ed23f9a0d791f72d3709b5cf3e81853adcd1",
      "sha256:09af1a244f314fe3558afa8d42e66ac376a18bf010544ba4872f3fe7461d1382",
      "sha256:c16ddbd687d181a095ca3ec8b108cf0d27a7a5408cc6e5073c03c903fbd344d3",
      "sha256:8b77549540c08a2571a7d7e8d11cc59519f36b613c0e1ef3c5d713d39f4e3507",
      "sha256:01079aef52a4ee46973ddd207c40f7b1ff4688216a5a05bfb37feea2041fc214",
      "sha256:2e43dfce6411894ef682d3ba313021264700033b0789f826b1304c8874695bc9",
      "sha256:616a5dfd09e5305cc271f77727a84d0c28628c758a994df65df75c33444ea42a",
      "sha256:8c9c8ab8442e9a7e3094090ac8d6659acb050d477d306841cea37eef4a379eed",
      "sha256:047be9dbcd6162c17cdfaee5380611072e27fb7b3de1c462d01d63f436b04f44",
      "sha256:8d25d3692cf4d95dca0327da7d8632c27cbdee71110a9c78628eba94fdc04e6d",
      "sha256:b21e2e4a55c8861e36503e6bb7385968e7db49247e07772927c3baf5c06336de",
      "sha256:ab0696412395709d6a71e21bba15cc474a52a34798149cee761d3accbb896296",
      "sha256:c81651668c205be10467a540129bd91eca20711f22b929a94839f780b1ff0d3f",
      "sha256:57cdc9e21eff8e78820f5222b3e21a06808564aa19884fa3003b12f58b325c7f",
      "sha256:18d72968405bb4ea92c826a718b080cc8b2f0d310f9c791af0bcf6cfd4e9dfc7",
      "sha256:1efa41d22392b374475e2472d0f6c710498052330f5c218296fbf327303d4890",
      "sha256:dd2dd93244de62000c96955f424a55699c6458d64932e4b170e0c42d095b3bc0",
      "sha256:432d521b81b9bcaef07786922cc16581cc6f008ea2bea79fd39d01a496814599"
    ]
  }
}
在那里，你会看到 "empty_layer": true这表明 Dockerfile 的步骤仅对 config.json 产生了更改。并且没有创建新的文件系统层。因此，如果您小心，您可以计算历史记录和 list 中的层数，以确定哪个历史命令导致了哪个层/blob。
附言查看这些层中的命令历史记录，我希望一些大层是因为 terraform，二进制文件和插件并不小(我过去曾与此作斗争，试图制作一个快速配置容器只是为了找到我的图像通常比我想提供的要大)。

关于docker - 如何逐层调试docker pull？，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题： https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63753394/

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