ruby-on-rails - ruby :2. 5.1-slim 或 ruby​​-2.5.1-alpine 在 nokogiri gem 上失败

Question

FROM ruby​​:2.5.1-slim 或 ruby​​-2.5.1-alpine 抛出以下错误，我如何为 ruby​​ 使用较小的占用空间，因为它似乎没有使用我会使用的任何上述选项更喜欢使用。运行 bundle install 命令时发生此错误

Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

current directory: /usr/local/bundle/gems/nokogiri-1.8.4/ext/nokogiri
/usr/local/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20180828-6-l5tj3e.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/usr/local/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--help
--clean
/usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to
generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:574:in `block in try_compile'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:521:in `with_werror'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:574:in `try_compile'
from extconf.rb:138:in `nokogiri_try_compile'
from extconf.rb:162:in `block in add_cflags'
from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:632:in `with_cflags'
from extconf.rb:161:in `add_cflags'
from extconf.rb:410:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can
be found here:

/usr/local/bundle/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.5.0/nokogiri-1.8.4/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /usr/local/bundle/gems/nokogiri-1.8.4 for
inspection.
Results logged to
/usr/local/bundle/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.5.0/nokogiri-1.8.4/gem_make.out

An error occurred while installing nokogiri (1.8.4), and Bundler cannot
continue.
Make sure that `gem install nokogiri -v '1.8.4' --source 'http://rubygems.org/'`
succeeds before bundling.

In Gemfile:
rails was resolved to 5.2.1, which depends on
actioncable was resolved to 5.2.1, which depends on
actionpack was resolved to 5.2.1, which depends on
actionview was resolved to 5.2.1, which depends on
rails-dom-testing was resolved to 2.0.3, which depends on
nokogiri
The command '/bin/sh -c bundle install --without development test' returned a non-zero code: 5

Answer 1

首先，尝试手动运行 gem install nokogiri 并按照上面输出中的建议检查日志:

...

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can
be found here:

/usr/local/bundle/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.5.0/nokogiri-1.8.4/mkmf.log


...

我最近在安装 nokogiri gem 时也遇到了问题。所以我打开了我的 mkmf.log 文件并找到了问题的原因(分发版中缺少 stdio.h 库):

"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/local/include/ruby-2.5.0/x86_64-linux-musl -I/usr/local/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/local/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I.    -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-self-assign -Wunused-variable -Wimplicit-int -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wmisleading-indentation -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wduplicated-cond -Wno-maybe-uninitialized  -fPIC  conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/local/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -L. -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib -L/usr/local/lib -lruby  -lpthread -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc "
In file included from /usr/local/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/ruby.h:29:0,
                 from /usr/local/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby.h:33,
                 from conftest.c:1:
/usr/local/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/defines.h:112:19: fatal error: stdio.h: No such file or directory
 #include <stdio.h>
                   ^
compilation terminated.
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2: 
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

通过为我安装libc-dev 包解决了这个问题。

所以。 要解决您的问题，您应该反复运行 gem install nokogiri 命令，在每次失败后检查 mkmf.log 文件并修复缺失的依赖项，直到包被安装安装。

顺便说一句，这是我最终的依赖项列表，它足以在 Alpine 中安装 Rails:

echo "http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing" >> /etc/apk/repositories \
  && apk update \
  && apk add --update-cache postgresql-client nodejs \
    libffi-dev readline sqlite build-base postgresql-dev \
    libc-dev linux-headers libxml2-dev libxslt-dev readline-dev gcc libc-dev \
  && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*