python - 连接 2 个具有相同 id 的字典列表

Question

我有 2 个字典列表

a = [{'id':1, 'name':'John Doe'}, {'id':2, 'name':'Jane Doe'}, {'id':4, 'name':'Sample Doe'}]
b = [{'id':1, 'rating':9}, {'id':2, 'rating':7}, {'id':3, 'rating':8}]

如果 id b 位于 id a 上，是否有办法将 b 连接到 a？

[{'id':1, 'name':'John Doe', 'rating':9}, {'id':2, 'name':'Jane Doe', 'rating':7}, {'id':4, 'name':'Sample Doe', 'rating':0}]

Answer 1

您可以使用 Python 3.9 中引入的新合并字典功能:

>>> a = [{'id': 1, 'name': 'John Doe'}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Jane Doe'}, {'id': 4, 'name': 'Sample Doe'}]
>>> b = [{'id': 1, 'rating': 9}, {'id': 2, 'rating': 7}, {'id': 3, 'rating': 8}]
>>> b_id_to_d = {d['id']: d for d in b}  # Create for O(1) lookup time by id.
>>> b_id_to_d
{1: {'id': 1, 'rating': 9}, 2: {'id': 2, 'rating': 7}, 3: {'id': 3, 'rating': 8}}
>>> c = [d | b_id_to_d.get(d['id'], {'rating': 0}) for d in a]
>>> c
[{'id': 1, 'name': 'John Doe', 'rating': 9}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Jane Doe', 'rating': 7}, {'id': 4, 'name': 'Sample Doe', 'rating': 0}]

对于旧版本的 Python，您可以尝试使用 dict 解包:

>>> c = [{**d, **b_id_to_d.get(d['id'], {'rating': 0})} for d in a]
>>> c
[{'id': 1, 'name': 'John Doe', 'rating': 9}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Jane Doe', 'rating': 7}, {'id': 4, 'name': 'Sample Doe', 'rating': 0}]