c# - 在这种情况下，什么可以解释使用 const 的开销？

Question

我正在用头撞墙，所以我希望你们中的一些人能够教育我。我正在使用 BenchmarkDotNet 进行一些性能基准测试，并且遇到了这种奇怪的情况，似乎声明成员 const 会大大降低性能。

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using System;

namespace PerfTest
{
    [DisassemblyDiagnoser(printAsm: true, printSource: true)]
    public class Test
    {
        private int[] data;
        private int Threshold = 90;
        private const int ConstThreshold = 90;

        [GlobalSetup]
        public void GlobalSetup()
        {
            data = new int[1000];
            var random = new Random(42);
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
            {
                data[i] = random.Next(100);
            }
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var summary = BenchmarkRunner.Run<Test>();
        }

        [Benchmark(Baseline = true)]
        public void ClampToMemberValue()
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
            {
                if (data[i] > Threshold) data[i] = Threshold;
            }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void ClampToConstValue()
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
            {
                if (data[i] > ConstThreshold) data[i] = ConstThreshold;
            }
        }
    }
}

请注意，两种测试方法之间的唯一区别在于它们是与常规成员变量还是 const 成员进行比较。

根据 BenchmarkDotNet，使用 const 值明显较慢，我不明白为什么。

BenchmarkDotNet=v0.11.5, OS=Windows 10.0.18362
Intel Core i7-5820K CPU 3.30GHz (Broadwell), 1 CPU, 12 logical and 6 physical cores
.NET Core SDK=3.0.100
  [Host]     : .NET Core 3.0.0 (CoreCLR 4.700.19.46205, CoreFX 4.700.19.46214), 64bit RyuJIT
  DefaultJob : .NET Core 3.0.0 (CoreCLR 4.700.19.46205, CoreFX 4.700.19.46214), 64bit RyuJIT


|             Method |     Mean |    Error |   StdDev | Ratio |
|------------------- |---------:|---------:|---------:|------:|
| ClampToMemberValue | 590.4 ns | 1.980 ns | 1.852 ns |  1.00 |
|  ClampToConstValue | 724.6 ns | 4.184 ns | 3.709 ns |  1.23 |

据我所知，查看 JIT 编译的代码并不能解释它。这是这两种方法的代码。唯一的区别在于比较是针对寄存器还是文字进行。

00007ff9`7f1b8500 PerfTest.Test.ClampToMemberValue()
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                 ^^^^^^^^^
00007ff9`7f1b8504 33c0            xor     eax,eax
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
00007ff9`7f1b8506 488b5108        mov     rdx,qword ptr [rcx+8]
00007ff9`7f1b850a 837a0800        cmp     dword ptr [rdx+8],0
00007ff9`7f1b850e 7e2e            jle     00007ff9`7f1b853e
00007ff9`7f1b8510 8b4910          mov     ecx,dword ptr [rcx+10h]
                if (data[i] > Threshold) data[i] = Threshold;
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
00007ff9`7f1b8513 4c8bc2          mov     r8,rdx
00007ff9`7f1b8516 458b4808        mov     r9d,dword ptr [r8+8]
00007ff9`7f1b851a 413bc1          cmp     eax,r9d
00007ff9`7f1b851d 7324            jae     00007ff9`7f1b8543
00007ff9`7f1b851f 4c63c8          movsxd  r9,eax
00007ff9`7f1b8522 43394c8810      cmp     dword ptr [r8+r9*4+10h],ecx
00007ff9`7f1b8527 7e0e            jle     00007ff9`7f1b8537
                if (data[i] > Threshold) data[i] = Threshold;
                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
00007ff9`7f1b8529 4c8bc2          mov     r8,rdx
00007ff9`7f1b852c 448bc9          mov     r9d,ecx
00007ff9`7f1b852f 4c63d0          movsxd  r10,eax
00007ff9`7f1b8532 47894c9010      mov     dword ptr [r8+r10*4+10h],r9d
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                                             ^^^
00007ff9`7f1b8537 ffc0            inc     eax
00007ff9`7f1b8539 394208          cmp     dword ptr [rdx+8],eax
00007ff9`7f1b853c 7fd5            jg      00007ff9`7f1b8513
        }
        ^
00007ff9`7f1b853e 4883c428        add     rsp,28h

和

00007ff9`7f1a8500 PerfTest.Test.ClampToConstValue()
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                 ^^^^^^^^^
00007ff9`7f1a8504 33c0            xor     eax,eax
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
00007ff9`7f1a8506 488b5108        mov     rdx,qword ptr [rcx+8]
00007ff9`7f1a850a 837a0800        cmp     dword ptr [rdx+8],0
00007ff9`7f1a850e 7e2d            jle     00007ff9`7f1a853d
                if (data[i] > ConstThreshold) data[i] = ConstThreshold;
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
00007ff9`7f1a8510 488bca          mov     rcx,rdx
00007ff9`7f1a8513 448b4108        mov     r8d,dword ptr [rcx+8]
00007ff9`7f1a8517 413bc0          cmp     eax,r8d
00007ff9`7f1a851a 7326            jae     00007ff9`7f1a8542
00007ff9`7f1a851c 4c63c0          movsxd  r8,eax
00007ff9`7f1a851f 42837c81105a    cmp     dword ptr [rcx+r8*4+10h],5Ah
00007ff9`7f1a8525 7e0f            jle     00007ff9`7f1a8536
                if (data[i] > ConstThreshold) data[i] = ConstThreshold;
                                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
00007ff9`7f1a8527 488bca          mov     rcx,rdx
00007ff9`7f1a852a 4c63c0          movsxd  r8,eax
00007ff9`7f1a852d 42c74481105a000000 mov   dword ptr [rcx+r8*4+10h],5Ah
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                                             ^^^
00007ff9`7f1a8536 ffc0            inc     eax
00007ff9`7f1a8538 394208          cmp     dword ptr [rdx+8],eax
00007ff9`7f1a853b 7fd3            jg      00007ff9`7f1a8510
        }
        ^
00007ff9`7f1a853d 4883c428        add     rsp,28h

我确信我忽略了一些东西，但我现在无法理解它，所以我正在寻找可以解释这一点的输入。

Answer 1

查看 https://benchmarkdotnet.org/articles/features/setup-and-cleanup.html

我相信您应该使用[IterationSetup]而不是[GlobalSetup]。通过全局设置，数据更改一次，然后更改后的数据可以在基准测试中重复使用。

因此，我更改了代码以使用正确的初始化。更改变量以使检查更加频繁。并添加了更多变化。

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using System;

namespace PerfTest
{
    [DisassemblyDiagnoser(printAsm: true, printSource: true)]
    public class Test
    {
        private int[] data;
        private int[] data_iteration;

        private int Threshold = 50;
        private const int ConstThreshold = 50;

        [GlobalSetup]
        public void GlobalSetup()
        {
            data = new int[100000];
            var random = new Random(42);
            for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
            {
                data[i] = random.Next(100);
            }
        }

        [IterationSetup]
        public void IterationSetup()
        {
            data_iteration = new int[data.Length];
            Array.Copy(data, data_iteration, data.Length);
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var summary = BenchmarkRunner.Run<Test>();
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void ClampToClassConstValue()
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < data_iteration.Length; i++)
            {
                if (data_iteration[i] > ConstThreshold) data_iteration[i] = ConstThreshold;
            }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void ClampToLocalConstValue()
        {
            const int ConstThresholdLocal = 50;
            for (var i = 0; i < data_iteration.Length; i++)
            {
                if (data_iteration[i] > ConstThresholdLocal) data_iteration[i] = ConstThresholdLocal;
            }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void ClampToInlineValue()
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < data_iteration.Length; i++)
            {
                if (data_iteration[i] > 50) data_iteration[i] = 50;
            }
        }

        [Benchmark]
        public void ClampToLocalVariable()
        {
            var ThresholdLocal = 50;
            for (var i = 0; i < data_iteration.Length; i++)
            {
                if (data_iteration[i] > ThresholdLocal) data_iteration[i] = ThresholdLocal;
            }
        }

        [Benchmark(Baseline = true)]
        public void ClampToMemberValue()
        {
            for (var i = 0; i < data_iteration.Length; i++)
            {
                if (data_iteration[i] > Threshold) data_iteration[i] = Threshold;
            }
        }
    }
}

结果看起来更正常:

BenchmarkDotNet=v0.12.0, OS=Windows 10.0.17134.1069 (1803/April2018Update/Redstone4)
Intel Core i7-8850H CPU 2.60GHz (Coffee Lake), 1 CPU, 12 logical and 6 physical cores
Frequency=2531250 Hz, Resolution=395.0617 ns, Timer=TSC
.NET Core SDK=3.0.100
  [Host]     : .NET Core 3.0.0 (CoreCLR 4.700.19.46205, CoreFX 4.700.19.46214), X64 RyuJIT
  Job-INSHHX : .NET Core 3.0.0 (CoreCLR 4.700.19.46205, CoreFX 4.700.19.46214), X64 RyuJIT

InvocationCount=1  UnrollFactor=1

|                 Method |     Mean |    Error |   StdDev |   Median | Ratio | RatioSD |
|----------------------- |---------:|---------:|---------:|---------:|------:|--------:|
| ClampToClassConstValue | 391.5 us | 17.86 us | 17.54 us | 384.2 us |  1.02 |    0.05 |
| ClampToLocalConstValue | 399.6 us |  9.49 us | 11.66 us | 399.0 us |  1.05 |    0.07 |
|     ClampToInlineValue | 384.1 us |  5.99 us |  5.00 us | 383.0 us |  1.00 |    0.06 |
|   ClampToLocalVariable | 382.7 us |  3.60 us |  3.00 us | 382.0 us |  1.00 |    0.05 |
|     ClampToMemberValue | 379.6 us |  8.48 us | 16.73 us | 371.8 us |  1.00 |    0.00 |

不同变体之间似乎没有任何区别。在这种情况下，要么一切都被优化，要么 const int 没有以任何方式优化。