parsing - 如何使用 nltk 或 spacy 从带括号的解析字符串中获取解析 NLP 树对象？

Question

我有一句话“你可以说他们经常洗个澡，这增加了他们的兴奋和生活乐趣。”我无法像以下示例:

(ROOT (S (NP (PRP You)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB say) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB regularly)) (VP (VB catch) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN shower)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ adds) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NN exhilaration)) (CC and) (NP (FW joie) (FW de) (FW vivre))))))))))))) (. .)))

我想复制这个问题的解决方案 https://stackoverflow.com/a/39320379但我有一个字符串句子而不是 NLP 树。

顺便说一句，我正在使用 python 3

Answer 1

使用 Tree.fromstring() 方法:

>>> from nltk import Tree
>>> parse = Tree.fromstring('(ROOT (S (NP (PRP You)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB say) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB regularly)) (VP (VB catch) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN shower)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ adds) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (NN exhilaration)) (CC and) (NP (FW joie) (FW de) (FW vivre))))))))))))) (. .)))')

>>> parse
Tree('ROOT', [Tree('S', [Tree('NP', [Tree('PRP', ['You'])]), Tree('VP', [Tree('MD', ['could']), Tree('VP', [Tree('VB', ['say']), Tree('SBAR', [Tree('IN', ['that']), Tree('S', [Tree('NP', [Tree('PRP', ['they'])]), Tree('ADVP', [Tree('RB', ['regularly'])]), Tree('VP', [Tree('VB', ['catch']), Tree('NP', [Tree('NP', [Tree('DT', ['a']), Tree('NN', ['shower'])]), Tree(',', [',']), Tree('SBAR', [Tree('WHNP', [Tree('WDT', ['which'])]), Tree('S', [Tree('VP', [Tree('VBZ', ['adds']), Tree('PP', [Tree('TO', ['to']), Tree('NP', [Tree('NP', [Tree('PRP$', ['their']), Tree('NN', ['exhilaration'])]), Tree('CC', ['and']), Tree('NP', [Tree('FW', ['joie']), Tree('FW', ['de']), Tree('FW', ['vivre'])])])])])])])])])])])])]), Tree('.', ['.'])])])

>>> parse.pretty_print()
                                                       ROOT                                                             
                                                        |                                                                
                                                        S                                                               
  ______________________________________________________|_____________________________________________________________   
 |         VP                                                                                                         | 
 |     ____|___                                                                                                       |  
 |    |        VP                                                                                                     | 
 |    |     ___|____                                                                                                  |  
 |    |    |       SBAR                                                                                               | 
 |    |    |    ____|_______                                                                                          |  
 |    |    |   |            S                                                                                         | 
 |    |    |   |     _______|____________                                                                             |  
 |    |    |   |    |       |            VP                                                                           | 
 |    |    |   |    |       |        ____|______________                                                              |  
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |                   NP                                                            | 
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |         __________|__________                                                   |  
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |         SBAR                                                | 
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |      ____|____                                              |  
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |     |         S                                             | 
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |     |         |                                             |  
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |     |         VP                                            | 
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |     |     ____|____                                         |  
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |     |    |         PP                                       | 
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |     |    |     ____|_____________________                   |  
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |     |    |    |                          NP                 | 
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |        |          |     |    |    |          ________________|________          |  
 NP   |    |   |    NP     ADVP     |        NP         |    WHNP  |    |         NP               |        NP        | 
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |     ___|____      |     |    |    |     ____|_______         |    ____|____     |  
PRP   MD   VB  IN  PRP      RB      VB   DT       NN    ,    WDT  VBZ   TO  PRP$          NN       CC  FW   FW   FW   . 
 |    |    |   |    |       |       |    |        |     |     |    |    |    |            |        |   |    |    |    |  
You could say that they regularly catch  a      shower  ,   which adds  to their     exhilaration and joie  de vivre  .