python - 在数据类中解压 kwargs

Question

在创建数据类对象时我可以使用 kwargs 没有问题:

@dataclass()
class Data:
    name: str =         'Unnamed'
    additional: int =   None
    things: int =       None

dic = {'additional': 123, 'things': 456}
res = Data(name='Somename', **dic)

---

Output: Data(name='Somename', additional=123, things=456)

但是，当它们不是调用参数的一部分时，我想在数据类中解压 kwargs:

@dataclass()
class Data:
    name: str =         'Unnamed'
    additional: int =   None
    things: int =       None

    def __post_init__(self):
        self(**dic) #unpack kwargs to fields

dic = {'additional': 123, 'things': 456}
res = Data(name='Somename')

Answer 1

一个数据类可以显式定义一个__init__()方法。

documentation状态:

The parameters to dataclass() are:

init: If true (the default), a __init__() method will be generated.

If the class already defines __init__(), this parameter is ignored.

因此，您可以定义一个标准的__init__()方法来处理kwargs。

@dataclass()
class Data:
    name: str
    additional: int
    things: int

    def __init__(self, name: str = 'Unnamed', additional: int = None, things: int = None, **kwargs):
        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            setattr(self, key, value)