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考虑用PHP编写的数据库交互模块,其中包含用于与数据库交互的类。我尚未开始编写类(class)代码,因此无法提供代码段。
每个数据库表将有一个类,如下所述。
用户-与用户表进行交互的类。该类包含诸如createUser,updateUser等功能。
位置-与locations表进行交互的类。该类包含诸如searchLocation,createLocation,updateLocation等功能。
另外,我正在考虑创建另一个类,如下所示:
DatabaseHelper :一个类,该类将具有表示与数据库的连接的成员。此类将包含用于执行SQL查询的较低级方法,例如executeQuery(query,parameters),executeUpdate(query,parameters)等。
在这一点上,我有两个选择可以在其他类中使用DatabaseHelper类:-
最佳答案
让我们从上到下回答您的问题,看看我能在您所说的内容中添加些什么。
There will be one class per database table as explained below.
User - A class for interacting with the user table. The class contains functions such as createUser, updateUser, etc.
Locations - A class for interacting with the locations table. The class contains functions >such as searchLocation, createLocation, updateLocation, etc.
In addition, I am thinking of creating another class as follows: -
DatabaseHelper : A class that will have a static member that represents the connection to the database. This class will contain the lower level methods for executing SQL queries such as executeQuery(query,parameters), executeUpdate(query,parameters) and so on.
At this point, I have two options to use the DatabaseHelper class in other classes : -
- The User and Locations class will extend the DatabaseHelper class so that they can use the inherited executeQuery and executeUpdate methods in DatabaseHelper. In this case, DatabaseHelper will ensure that there is only one instance of the connection to the database at any given time.
- The DatabaseHelper class will be injected in the User and Locations class through a Container class that will make User and Location instances. In this case, the Container will make sure that there is only one instance of DatabaseHelper in the application at any given time.
These are the two approaches that quickly come to my mind. I want to know which approach to go with. It is possible that both these approaches are not good enough, in which case, I want to know any other approach that I can go with to implement the database interaction module.
class Controller {
public function main() {
$database = new Database('host', 'username', 'password');
$database->selectDatabase('database');
$user = new User($database);
$user->name = 'Test';
$user->insert();
$otherUser = new User($database, 5);
$otherUser->delete();
}
}
class Database {
protected $connection = null;
public function __construct($host, $username, $password) {
// Connect to database and set $this->connection
}
public function selectDatabase($database) {
// Set the database on the current connection
}
public function execute($query) {
// Execute the given query
}
}
class User {
protected $database = null;
protected $id = 0;
protected $name = '';
// Add database on creation and get the user with the given id
public function __construct($database, $id = 0) {
$this->database = $database;
if ($id != 0) {
$this->load($id);
}
}
// Get the user with the given ID
public function load($id) {
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ' . $this->database->escape($id);
$result = $this->database->execute($sql);
$this->id = $result['id'];
$this->name = $result['name'];
}
// Insert this user into the database
public function insert() {
$sql = 'INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES ("' . $this->database->escape($this->name) . '")';
$this->database->execute($sql);
}
// Update this user
public function update() {
$sql = 'UPDATE users SET name = "' . $this->database->escape($this->name) . '" WHERE id = ' . $this->database->escape($this->id);
$this->database->execute($sql);
}
// Delete this user
public function delete() {
$sql = 'DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ' . $this->database->escape($this->id);
$this->database->execute($sql);
}
// Other method of this user
public function login() {}
public function logout() {}
}
还有一个数据映射器模式的示例:
class Controller {
public function main() {
$database = new Database('host', 'username', 'password');
$database->selectDatabase('database');
$userMapper = new UserMapper($database);
$user = $userMapper->get(0);
$user->name = 'Test';
$userMapper->insert($user);
$otherUser = UserMapper(5);
$userMapper->delete($otherUser);
}
}
class Database {
protected $connection = null;
public function __construct($host, $username, $password) {
// Connect to database and set $this->connection
}
public function selectDatabase($database) {
// Set the database on the current connection
}
public function execute($query) {
// Execute the given query
}
}
class UserMapper {
protected $database = null;
// Add database on creation
public function __construct($database) {
$this->database = $database;
}
// Get the user with the given ID
public function get($id) {
$user = new User();
if ($id != 0) {
$sql = 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ' . $this->database->escape($id);
$result = $this->database->execute($sql);
$user->id = $result['id'];
$user->name = $result['name'];
}
return $user;
}
// Insert the given user
public function insert($user) {
$sql = 'INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES ("' . $this->database->escape($user->name) . '")';
$this->database->execute($sql);
}
// Update the given user
public function update($user) {
$sql = 'UPDATE users SET name = "' . $this->database->escape($user->name) . '" WHERE id = ' . $this->database->escape($user->id);
$this->database->execute($sql);
}
// Delete the given user
public function delete($user) {
$sql = 'DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ' . $this->database->escape($user->id);
$this->database->execute($sql);
}
}
class User {
public $id = 0;
public $name = '';
// Other method of this user
public function login() {}
public function logout() {}
}
==编辑3:由bot编辑后==
Note that the Container class will contain a static member of type DatabaseHelper. It will contain a private static getDatabaseHelper() function that will return an existing DatabaseHelper instance or create a new DatabaseHelper instance if one does not exists in which case, it will populate the connection object in DatabaseHelper. The Container will also contain static methods called makeUser and makeLocation that will inject the DatabaseHelper into User and Locations respectively.
After reading a few answers, I realize that the initial question has almost been answered. But there is still a doubt that needs to be clarified before I can accept the final answer which is as follows.
What to do when I have multiple databases to connect to rather than a single database. How does the DatabaseHelper class incorporate this and how does the container inject appropriate database dependencies in the User and Location objects?
$controller = new Controller();
Controller 将必须知道它必须加载哪个数据库,以及是否有一个或多个数据库。例如,一个数据库包含用户数据,另一个数据库包含位置数据。如果给定了 Activity 记录User(上方)和类似的Location类,则 Controller 可能如下所示:
class Controller {
protected $databases = array();
public function __construct() {
$this->database['first_db'] = new Database('first_host', 'first_username', 'first_password');
$this->database['first_db']->selectDatabase('first_database');
$this->database['second_db'] = new Database('second_host', 'second_username', 'second_password');
$this->database['second_db']->selectDatabase('second_database');
}
public function showUserAndLocation() {
$user = new User($this->databases['first_database'], 3);
$location = $user->getLocation($this->databases['second_database']);
echo 'User ' . $user->name . ' is at location ' . $location->name;
}
public function showLocation() {
$location = new Location($this->database['second_database'], 5);
echo 'The location ' . $location->name . ' is ' . $location->description;
}
}
将所有 echo 移至View类或其他东西可能会很好。如果您有多个 Controller 类,那么拥有一个可以创建所有数据库并将其推送到 Controller 中的不同入口点可能会有所收获。例如,您可以将其称为前端 Controller 或入口 Controller 。
关于php - 组成与继承。我的数据库交互库应该使用什么?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10992857/
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