java - 如何在 JVM 上解析时区字符串 "Pacific Time (US & Canada)"？

Question

我正在编写与 Yammer 的集成，它返回一个时区字符串，如下所示:

Pacific Time (US & Canada)

如何在 JVM 上将其解析为 TimeZone 或 DateTimeZone？我试过了 TimeZone.getTimeZone和 DateTimeZone.forID但无济于事。

Answer 1

Yammer 似乎返回了一个 timezone字段作为 user 的一部分REST API 中的对象。可以将示例视为 the authorization docs 的一部分在标记为“C. App Authentication”的部分的响应正文中，看起来像:

{
  "user":
  {
    "timezone": "Hawaii",
    "interests": null,
    "type": "user",

...

这也是从任何 GET /users/... APIs 返回的.通过实验，我可以看到 API 返回的值对应于出现在用户帐户设置屏幕中的下拉列表的键(位于 https://yammer.com/<your domain>/account/display_options ):

当您查看此网页的源代码时，您可以看到包含所有键和值的下拉列表:

<select id="meta_user_timezone" name="meta_user[timezone]"><option value="Hawaii">(GMT-10:00) Hawaii</option>
<option value="Alaska">(GMT-09:00) Alaska</option>
<option value="Pacific Time (US &amp; Canada)" selected="selected">(GMT-08:00) Pacific Time (US &amp; Canada)</option>
<option value="Arizona">(GMT-07:00) Arizona</option>
<option value="Mountain Time (US &amp; Canada)">(GMT-07:00) Mountain Time (US &amp; Canada)</option>
<option value="Central Time (US &amp; Canada)">(GMT-06:00) Central Time (US &amp; Canada)</option>
<option value="Eastern Time (US &amp; Canada)">(GMT-05:00) Eastern Time (US &amp; Canada)</option>
<option value="Indiana (East)">(GMT-05:00) Indiana (East)</option><option value="" disabled="disabled">-------------</option>
<option value="American Samoa">(GMT-11:00) American Samoa</option>
<option value="International Date Line West">(GMT-11:00) International Date Line West</option>
<option value="Midway Island">(GMT-11:00) Midway Island</option>
<option value="Tijuana">(GMT-08:00) Tijuana</option>
<option value="Chihuahua">(GMT-07:00) Chihuahua</option>
<option value="Mazatlan">(GMT-07:00) Mazatlan</option>
<option value="Central America">(GMT-06:00) Central America</option>
<option value="Guadalajara">(GMT-06:00) Guadalajara</option>
<option value="Mexico City">(GMT-06:00) Mexico City</option>
<option value="Monterrey">(GMT-06:00) Monterrey</option>
<option value="Saskatchewan">(GMT-06:00) Saskatchewan</option>
<option value="Bogota">(GMT-05:00) Bogota</option>
<option value="Lima">(GMT-05:00) Lima</option>
<option value="Quito">(GMT-05:00) Quito</option>
<option value="Caracas">(GMT-04:30) Caracas</option>
<option value="Atlantic Time (Canada)">(GMT-04:00) Atlantic Time (Canada)</option>
<option value="Georgetown">(GMT-04:00) Georgetown</option>
<option value="La Paz">(GMT-04:00) La Paz</option>
<option value="Newfoundland">(GMT-03:30) Newfoundland</option>
<option value="Brasilia">(GMT-03:00) Brasilia</option>
<option value="Buenos Aires">(GMT-03:00) Buenos Aires</option>
<option value="Greenland">(GMT-03:00) Greenland</option>
<option value="Santiago">(GMT-03:00) Santiago</option>
<option value="Mid-Atlantic">(GMT-02:00) Mid-Atlantic</option>
<option value="Azores">(GMT-01:00) Azores</option>
<option value="Cape Verde Is.">(GMT-01:00) Cape Verde Is.</option>
<option value="Casablanca">(GMT+00:00) Casablanca</option>
<option value="Dublin">(GMT+00:00) Dublin</option>
<option value="Edinburgh">(GMT+00:00) Edinburgh</option>
<option value="Lisbon">(GMT+00:00) Lisbon</option>
<option value="London">(GMT+00:00) London</option>
<option value="Monrovia">(GMT+00:00) Monrovia</option>
<option value="UTC">(GMT+00:00) UTC</option>
<option value="Amsterdam">(GMT+01:00) Amsterdam</option>
<option value="Belgrade">(GMT+01:00) Belgrade</option>
<option value="Berlin">(GMT+01:00) Berlin</option>
<option value="Bern">(GMT+01:00) Bern</option>
<option value="Bratislava">(GMT+01:00) Bratislava</option>
<option value="Brussels">(GMT+01:00) Brussels</option>
<option value="Budapest">(GMT+01:00) Budapest</option>
<option value="Copenhagen">(GMT+01:00) Copenhagen</option>
<option value="Ljubljana">(GMT+01:00) Ljubljana</option>
<option value="Madrid">(GMT+01:00) Madrid</option>
<option value="Paris">(GMT+01:00) Paris</option>
<option value="Prague">(GMT+01:00) Prague</option>
<option value="Rome">(GMT+01:00) Rome</option>
<option value="Sarajevo">(GMT+01:00) Sarajevo</option>
<option value="Skopje">(GMT+01:00) Skopje</option>
<option value="Stockholm">(GMT+01:00) Stockholm</option>
<option value="Vienna">(GMT+01:00) Vienna</option>
<option value="Warsaw">(GMT+01:00) Warsaw</option>
<option value="West Central Africa">(GMT+01:00) West Central Africa</option>
<option value="Zagreb">(GMT+01:00) Zagreb</option>
<option value="Athens">(GMT+02:00) Athens</option>
<option value="Bucharest">(GMT+02:00) Bucharest</option>
<option value="Cairo">(GMT+02:00) Cairo</option>
<option value="Harare">(GMT+02:00) Harare</option>
<option value="Helsinki">(GMT+02:00) Helsinki</option>
<option value="Istanbul">(GMT+02:00) Istanbul</option>
<option value="Jerusalem">(GMT+02:00) Jerusalem</option>
<option value="Kyiv">(GMT+02:00) Kyiv</option>
<option value="Pretoria">(GMT+02:00) Pretoria</option>
<option value="Riga">(GMT+02:00) Riga</option>
<option value="Sofia">(GMT+02:00) Sofia</option>
<option value="Tallinn">(GMT+02:00) Tallinn</option>
<option value="Vilnius">(GMT+02:00) Vilnius</option>
<option value="Baghdad">(GMT+03:00) Baghdad</option>
<option value="Kuwait">(GMT+03:00) Kuwait</option>
<option value="Minsk">(GMT+03:00) Minsk</option>
<option value="Moscow">(GMT+03:00) Moscow</option>
<option value="Nairobi">(GMT+03:00) Nairobi</option>
<option value="Riyadh">(GMT+03:00) Riyadh</option>
<option value="St. Petersburg">(GMT+03:00) St. Petersburg</option>
<option value="Volgograd">(GMT+03:00) Volgograd</option>
<option value="Tehran">(GMT+03:30) Tehran</option>
<option value="Abu Dhabi">(GMT+04:00) Abu Dhabi</option>
<option value="Baku">(GMT+04:00) Baku</option>
<option value="Muscat">(GMT+04:00) Muscat</option>
<option value="Tbilisi">(GMT+04:00) Tbilisi</option>
<option value="Yerevan">(GMT+04:00) Yerevan</option>
<option value="Kabul">(GMT+04:30) Kabul</option>
<option value="Ekaterinburg">(GMT+05:00) Ekaterinburg</option>
<option value="Islamabad">(GMT+05:00) Islamabad</option>
<option value="Karachi">(GMT+05:00) Karachi</option>
<option value="Tashkent">(GMT+05:00) Tashkent</option>
<option value="Chennai">(GMT+05:30) Chennai</option>
<option value="Kolkata">(GMT+05:30) Kolkata</option>
<option value="Mumbai">(GMT+05:30) Mumbai</option>
<option value="New Delhi">(GMT+05:30) New Delhi</option>
<option value="Sri Jayawardenepura">(GMT+05:30) Sri Jayawardenepura</option>
<option value="Kathmandu">(GMT+05:45) Kathmandu</option>
<option value="Almaty">(GMT+06:00) Almaty</option>
<option value="Astana">(GMT+06:00) Astana</option>
<option value="Dhaka">(GMT+06:00) Dhaka</option>
<option value="Novosibirsk">(GMT+06:00) Novosibirsk</option>
<option value="Urumqi">(GMT+06:00) Urumqi</option>
<option value="Rangoon">(GMT+06:30) Rangoon</option>
<option value="Bangkok">(GMT+07:00) Bangkok</option>
<option value="Hanoi">(GMT+07:00) Hanoi</option>
<option value="Jakarta">(GMT+07:00) Jakarta</option>
<option value="Krasnoyarsk">(GMT+07:00) Krasnoyarsk</option>
<option value="Beijing">(GMT+08:00) Beijing</option>
<option value="Chongqing">(GMT+08:00) Chongqing</option>
<option value="Hong Kong">(GMT+08:00) Hong Kong</option>
<option value="Irkutsk">(GMT+08:00) Irkutsk</option>
<option value="Kuala Lumpur">(GMT+08:00) Kuala Lumpur</option>
<option value="Perth">(GMT+08:00) Perth</option>
<option value="Singapore">(GMT+08:00) Singapore</option>
<option value="Taipei">(GMT+08:00) Taipei</option>
<option value="Ulaan Bataar">(GMT+08:00) Ulaan Bataar</option>
<option value="Osaka">(GMT+09:00) Osaka</option>
<option value="Sapporo">(GMT+09:00) Sapporo</option>
<option value="Seoul">(GMT+09:00) Seoul</option>
<option value="Tokyo">(GMT+09:00) Tokyo</option>
<option value="Yakutsk">(GMT+09:00) Yakutsk</option>
<option value="Adelaide">(GMT+09:30) Adelaide</option>
<option value="Darwin">(GMT+09:30) Darwin</option>
<option value="Brisbane">(GMT+10:00) Brisbane</option>
<option value="Canberra">(GMT+10:00) Canberra</option>
<option value="Guam">(GMT+10:00) Guam</option>
<option value="Hobart">(GMT+10:00) Hobart</option>
<option value="Magadan">(GMT+10:00) Magadan</option>
<option value="Melbourne">(GMT+10:00) Melbourne</option>
<option value="Port Moresby">(GMT+10:00) Port Moresby</option>
<option value="Solomon Is.">(GMT+10:00) Solomon Is.</option>
<option value="Sydney">(GMT+10:00) Sydney</option>
<option value="Vladivostok">(GMT+10:00) Vladivostok</option>
<option value="New Caledonia">(GMT+11:00) New Caledonia</option>
<option value="Auckland">(GMT+12:00) Auckland</option>
<option value="Fiji">(GMT+12:00) Fiji</option>
<option value="Kamchatka">(GMT+12:00) Kamchatka</option>
<option value="Marshall Is.">(GMT+12:00) Marshall Is.</option>
<option value="Wellington">(GMT+12:00) Wellington</option>
<option value="Nuku&#x27;alofa">(GMT+13:00) Nuku&#x27;alofa</option>
<option value="Samoa">(GMT+13:00) Samoa</option>
<option value="Tokelau Is.">(GMT+13:00) Tokelau Is.</option></select>

问题是如何翻译这些？好吧，我没有任何确凿的证据，但似乎这些时区 key 都是 Windows 时区部分位显示名称。它们不是 Windows 或任何 Microsoft 技术中的不同标识符。我很困惑为什么 Yammer 会选择这些作为时区 ID。但是您的处理方式如下:

• 查看 CLDR Windows Zone mapping file .您会看到如下条目:

  <!--  (UTC-08:00) Pacific Time (US & Canada)  -->
  <mapZone other="Pacific Standard Time" territory="001" type="America/Los_Angeles"/>
  <mapZone other="Pacific Standard Time" territory="CA" type="America/Vancouver America/Dawson America/Whitehorse"/>
  <mapZone other="Pacific Standard Time" territory="MX" type="America/Tijuana"/>
  <mapZone other="Pacific Standard Time" territory="US" type="America/Los_Angeles"/>
  <mapZone other="Pacific Standard Time" territory="ZZ" type="PST8PDT"/>
  <!--  (UTC-07:00) Arizona  -->
  <mapZone other="US Mountain Standard Time" territory="001" type="America/Phoenix"/>
  <mapZone other="US Mountain Standard Time" territory="CA" type="America/Dawson_Creek America/Creston"/>
  <mapZone other="US Mountain Standard Time" territory="MX" type="America/Hermosillo"/>
  <mapZone other="US Mountain Standard Time" territory="US" type="America/Phoenix"/>
  <mapZone other="US Mountain Standard Time" territory="ZZ" type="Etc/GMT+7"/>
  <!--  (UTC-07:00) Chihuahua, La Paz, Mazatlan  -->
  <mapZone other="Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)" territory="001" type="America/Chihuahua"/>
  <mapZone other="Mountain Standard Time (Mexico)" territory="MX" type="America/Chihuahua America/Mazatlan"/>
  

• 在注释行 中搜索 Yammer 时区键，作为部分子字符串匹配。例如，如果 Yammer 时区是 "La Paz" , 它将匹配带有注释 <!-- (UTC-07:00) Chihuahua, La Paz, Mazatlan --> 的条目

• 从评论后面的下一行中获取 IANA 时区 ID。它将是标有 territory="001" 的那个.你想要 type field 。对于前面的示例，这将是 "America/Chihuahua" .

• 您可以在 Java 中将该 ID 与任何标准 Java 7 或 Java 8 API(或 Joda Time)结合使用。

最后一点。我(通过用户 API)检查了 timezone我知道我自己的 Yammer 网络中的许多人在其他时区的设置，只有少数人从 "Pacific Time (US & Canada)" 更改了他们的时区默认设置。因此，我怀疑相信这些值是准确的。据我所知，没有什么可以强制 Yammer 用户更改此默认设置，他们必须竭尽全力去做。