python - 使用 YOLO 或其他图像识别技术来识别图像中存在的所有字母数字文本

Question

我有多个图像图表，所有这些图表都包含作为字母数字字符的标签，而不仅仅是文本标签本身。我希望我的 YOLO 模型能够识别其中存在的所有数字和字母数字字符。

我如何训练我的 YOLO 模型来做同样的事情。数据集可以在这里找到。 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1iEkGcreFaBIJqUdAADDXJbUrSj99bvoi

例如:查看边界框。我希望 YOLO 检测文本所在的位置。但是目前没有必要识别其中的文本。



对于这些类型的图像也需要做同样的事情



图片可以下载here

这是我使用 opencv 尝试过的，但它不适用于数据集中的所有图像。

import cv2
import numpy as np
import pytesseract

pytesseract.pytesseract.tesseract_cmd = r"C:\Users\HPO2KOR\AppData\Local\Tesseract-OCR\tesseract.exe"

image = cv2.imread(r'C:\Users\HPO2KOR\Desktop\Work\venv\Patent\PARTICULATE DETECTOR\PD4.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
clean = thresh.copy()

horizontal_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (15,1))
detect_horizontal = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, horizontal_kernel, iterations=2)
cnts = cv2.findContours(detect_horizontal, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]
for c in cnts:
    cv2.drawContours(clean, [c], -1, 0, 3)

vertical_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (1,30))
detect_vertical = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, vertical_kernel, iterations=2)
cnts = cv2.findContours(detect_vertical, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]
for c in cnts:
    cv2.drawContours(clean, [c], -1, 0, 3)

cnts = cv2.findContours(clean, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]
for c in cnts:
    area = cv2.contourArea(c)
    if area < 100:
        cv2.drawContours(clean, [c], -1, 0, 3)
    elif area > 1000:
        cv2.drawContours(clean, [c], -1, 0, -1)
    peri = cv2.arcLength(c, True)
    approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(c, 0.02 * peri, True)
    x,y,w,h = cv2.boundingRect(c)
    if len(approx) == 4:
        cv2.rectangle(clean, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), 0, -1)

open_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (2,2))
opening = cv2.morphologyEx(clean, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, open_kernel, iterations=2)
close_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (3,2))
close = cv2.morphologyEx(opening, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, close_kernel, iterations=4)
cnts = cv2.findContours(close, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]
for c in cnts:
    x,y,w,h = cv2.boundingRect(c)
    area = cv2.contourArea(c)
    if area > 500:
        ROI = image[y:y+h, x:x+w]
        ROI = cv2.GaussianBlur(ROI, (3,3), 0)
        data = pytesseract.image_to_string(ROI, lang='eng',config='--psm 6')
        if data.isalnum():
            cv2.rectangle(image, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (36,255,12), 2)
            print(data)

cv2.imwrite('image.png', image)
cv2.imwrite('clean.png', clean)
cv2.imwrite('close.png', close)
cv2.imwrite('opening.png', opening)
cv2.waitKey()

是否有任何模型或任何 opencv 技术或一些预训练模型可以为我做同样的事情？
我只需要图像中存在的所有字母数字字符周围的边界框。之后，我需要确定其中存在的内容。然而，第二部分目前并不重要。

Answer 1

一种可能的方法是使用基于 Zhou 等人 2017 年论文 EAST: An Efficient and Accurate Scene Text Detector 的 EAST(高效且准确的场景文本)深度学习文本检测器。 .该模型最初是为检测自然场景图像中的文本而训练的，但它可能会应用于图表图像。 EAST 非常强大，能够检测模糊或反光的文本。这是Adrian Rosebrock's implementation of EAST的修改版本.我们可以尝试在执行文本检测之前删除图像上尽可能多的非文本对象，而不是直接在图像上应用文本检测器。这个想法是在应用检测之前去除水平线、垂直线和非文本轮廓(曲线、对角线、圆形)。以下是您的一些图像的结果:

输入 ->要以绿色删除的非文本轮廓




结果



其他图片











预训练 frozen_east_text_detection.pb执行文本检测所需的模型可以是 found here .尽管该模型捕获了大部分文本，但结果并不是 100% 准确，并且偶尔会出现误报，这可能是由于它是如何在自然场景图像上训练的。为了获得更准确的结果，您可能需要训练自己的自定义模型。但是如果你想要一个像样的开箱即用的解决方案，那么这应该对你有用。查看阿德里安的 OpenCV Text Detection (EAST text detector)有关 EAST 文本检测器的更全面解释的博客文章。

代码

from imutils.object_detection import non_max_suppression
import numpy as np
import cv2

def EAST_text_detector(original, image, confidence=0.25):
    # Set the new width and height and determine the changed ratio
    (h, W) = image.shape[:2]
    (newW, newH) = (640, 640)
    rW = W / float(newW)
    rH = h / float(newH)

    # Resize the image and grab the new image dimensions
    image = cv2.resize(image, (newW, newH))
    (h, W) = image.shape[:2]

    # Define the two output layer names for the EAST detector model that
    # we are interested -- the first is the output probabilities and the
    # second can be used to derive the bounding box coordinates of text
    layerNames = [
        "feature_fusion/Conv_7/Sigmoid",
        "feature_fusion/concat_3"]

    net = cv2.dnn.readNet('frozen_east_text_detection.pb')

    # Construct a blob from the image and then perform a forward pass of
    # the model to obtain the two output layer sets
    blob = cv2.dnn.blobFromImage(image, 1.0, (W, h), (123.68, 116.78, 103.94), swapRB=True, crop=False)
    net.setInput(blob)
    (scores, geometry) = net.forward(layerNames)

    # Grab the number of rows and columns from the scores volume, then
    # initialize our set of bounding box rectangles and corresponding
    # confidence scores
    (numRows, numCols) = scores.shape[2:4]
    rects = []
    confidences = []

    # Loop over the number of rows
    for y in range(0, numRows):
        # Extract the scores (probabilities), followed by the geometrical
        # data used to derive potential bounding box coordinates that
        # surround text
        scoresData = scores[0, 0, y]
        xData0 = geometry[0, 0, y]
        xData1 = geometry[0, 1, y]
        xData2 = geometry[0, 2, y]
        xData3 = geometry[0, 3, y]
        anglesData = geometry[0, 4, y]

        # Loop over the number of columns
        for x in range(0, numCols):
            # If our score does not have sufficient probability, ignore it
            if scoresData[x] < confidence:
                continue

            # Compute the offset factor as our resulting feature maps will
            # be 4x smaller than the input image
            (offsetX, offsetY) = (x * 4.0, y * 4.0)

            # Extract the rotation angle for the prediction and then
            # compute the sin and cosine
            angle = anglesData[x]
            cos = np.cos(angle)
            sin = np.sin(angle)

            # Use the geometry volume to derive the width and height of
            # the bounding box
            h = xData0[x] + xData2[x]
            w = xData1[x] + xData3[x]

            # Compute both the starting and ending (x, y)-coordinates for
            # the text prediction bounding box
            endX = int(offsetX + (cos * xData1[x]) + (sin * xData2[x]))
            endY = int(offsetY - (sin * xData1[x]) + (cos * xData2[x]))
            startX = int(endX - w)
            startY = int(endY - h)

            # Add the bounding box coordinates and probability score to
            # our respective lists
            rects.append((startX, startY, endX, endY))
            confidences.append(scoresData[x])

    # Apply non-maxima suppression to suppress weak, overlapping bounding
    # boxes
    boxes = non_max_suppression(np.array(rects), probs=confidences)

    # Loop over the bounding boxes
    for (startX, startY, endX, endY) in boxes:
        # Scale the bounding box coordinates based on the respective
        # ratios
        startX = int(startX * rW)
        startY = int(startY * rH)
        endX = int(endX * rW)
        endY = int(endY * rH)

        # Draw the bounding box on the image
        cv2.rectangle(original, (startX, startY), (endX, endY), (36, 255, 12), 2)
    return original

# Convert to grayscale and Otsu's threshold
image = cv2.imread('1.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]
clean = thresh.copy()

# Remove horizontal lines
horizontal_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (15,1))
detect_horizontal = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, horizontal_kernel, iterations=2)
cnts = cv2.findContours(detect_horizontal, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]
for c in cnts:
    cv2.drawContours(clean, [c], -1, 0, 3)

# Remove vertical lines
vertical_kernel = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (1,30))
detect_vertical = cv2.morphologyEx(thresh, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, vertical_kernel, iterations=2)
cnts = cv2.findContours(detect_vertical, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]
for c in cnts:
    cv2.drawContours(clean, [c], -1, 0, 3)

# Remove non-text contours (curves, diagonals, circlar shapes)
cnts = cv2.findContours(clean, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
cnts = cnts[0] if len(cnts) == 2 else cnts[1]
for c in cnts:
    area = cv2.contourArea(c)
    if area > 1500:
        cv2.drawContours(clean, [c], -1, 0, -1)
    peri = cv2.arcLength(c, True)
    approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(c, 0.02 * peri, True)
    x,y,w,h = cv2.boundingRect(c)
    if len(approx) == 4:
        cv2.rectangle(clean, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), 0, -1)

# Bitwise-and with original image to remove contours
filtered = cv2.bitwise_and(image, image, mask=clean)
filtered[clean==0] = (255,255,255)

# Perform EAST text detection
result = EAST_text_detector(image, filtered)

cv2.imshow('filtered', filtered)
cv2.imshow('result', result)
cv2.waitKey()