unit-testing - 为什么 Controller 单元测试会启动 DI？

Question

我有一个 Grails Controller 单元测试，它什么都不做。 Controller 有一个用@Inject 注释的字段。由于依赖项注入(inject)失败，测试崩溃。但据我了解，DI 不应该用于此类测试。在测试方法的 given: 部分手动设置依赖项。

那我做错了什么？如何在单元测试中关闭 DI？

这是我的测试:

@TestFor(MstarSearchController)
class MstarSearchControllerSpec extends Specification {
    void "test something"() {
        expect:
        3 == 3
    }
}

还有我的 Controller :

class MstarSearchController {
    @Autowired(required = true)
    MstarSearchService mstarSearch

命令 grails test-app 因不满足的依赖关系而崩溃。

test something(com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchControllerSpec)
 |
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchService com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchController.mstarSearch; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at grails.test.mixin.web.ControllerUnitTestMixin.mockController_closure2(ControllerUnitTestMixin.groovy:185)
    at grails.test.mixin.web.ControllerUnitTestMixin.mockController(ControllerUnitTestMixin.groovy:193)
    at org.spockframework.util.ReflectionUtil.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtil.java:138)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.JUnitFixtureMethodsExtension$FixtureType$FixtureMethodInterceptor.intercept(JUnitFixtureMethodsExtension.java:145)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:84)
    at org.spockframework.util.ReflectionUtil.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtil.java:138)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.invokeTargetMethod(MethodInvocation.java:91)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:85)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.AbstractRuleInterceptor$1.evaluate(AbstractRuleInterceptor.java:37)
    at grails.test.runtime.TestRuntimeJunitAdapter$1$2.evaluate(TestRuntimeJunitAdapter.groovy:49)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.TestRuleInterceptor.intercept(TestRuleInterceptor.java:38)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:84)
    at org.spockframework.util.ReflectionUtil.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtil.java:138)
    at org.spockframework.util.ReflectionUtil.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtil.java:138)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.invokeTargetMethod(MethodInvocation.java:91)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:85)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.AbstractRuleInterceptor$1.evaluate(AbstractRuleInterceptor.java:37)
    at grails.test.runtime.TestRuntimeJunitAdapter$3$4.evaluate(TestRuntimeJunitAdapter.groovy:76)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.builtin.ClassRuleInterceptor.intercept(ClassRuleInterceptor.java:38)
    at org.spockframework.runtime.extension.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:84)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchService com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchController.mstarSearch; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    ... 20 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.aspect.dscadmin.MstarSearchService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    ... 20 more

Answer 1

我遇到了这个问题。似乎，按照惯例，Spock 会根据测试的名称自动实例化一个测试对象，并在我采取任何措施阻止它之前尝试注入(inject)所有依赖项。如果您将测试的名称更改为与测试类不对应并删除@TestFor 注释，您可以实例化测试对象，实例化一个 MstarSearch 对象，并在您的设置中手动分配测试对象的 mstarSearch，而无需触发 @Autowired。