android - Kotlin:不同 fragment 之间的通信

Question

我目前正在使用 Kotlin 开发 Android 应用。

我正在使用默认的抽屉导航和 fragment 。我想做这样的事情:

1. 在当前 fragment 上，将一些数据放入微调器中(完成)
2. 单击 TextView 时，保持数据(来自选定的微调器)处于选中状态(几乎完成)，然后 (3)
3. 转到另一个 fragment (完成)
4. 在这个 fragment 上，用一些数据创建一个微调器并将它们发送到第一个 fragment (几乎完成)
5. 在第一个 fragment 中插入新值和旧值

所以我有两个微调器，第二个微调器(在第二个 fragment 上)有一个适配器。

我的问题是:有没有办法更轻松地做到这一点？我正在为 fragment 和适配器之间的所有这些 bundle 而苦苦挣扎，但我真的相信有一种比我正在做的更简单的方法......

第一个 fragment :

override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {
        val v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.mes_informations, container, false)
        val thisBundle = this.arguments
        if(thisBundle != null){
            val builder = StringBuilder("Extras:\n")
            for (key in thisBundle.keySet()) {
                val value = thisBundle.get(key)
                builder.append(key).append(": ").append(value).append("\n")
            }
            selectedArret.text = thisBundle.get("Arret").toString()
        }

        return v
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)

        val thisBundle = this.arguments

        if(thisBundle != null){
            val builder = StringBuilder("Extras:\n")
            for (key in thisBundle.keySet()) {
                val value = thisBundle.get(key)
                builder.append(key).append(": ").append(value).append("\n")
            }
            Log.i(TAG, builder.toString())
        }

        bundle = Bundle()


        spinnerDepartement.onItemSelectedListener = object : AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener {
            override fun onItemSelected(parent: AdapterView<*>, view: View, position: Int, id: Long) {
                when (position) {
                    position -> departement = bundle.putString("departement", spinnerDepartement.selectedItem.toString())
                    else -> bundle.putString("departement", "Cher")
                }
                Log.i(TAG, spinnerDepartement.selectedItem.toString())
            }

            override fun onNothingSelected(parent: AdapterView<*>) {
            }
        }


        val fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager?.beginTransaction()
        val rechercheFragm = RechercherArret()
        rechercheFragm.arguments = bundle
        ligneReguliereLayout.setOnClickListener {
                fragmentTransaction
                    ?.replace(R.id.content_frame, rechercheFragm)
                    ?.addToBackStack(null)
                    ?.commit()
        }
    }

第二个:

   override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)    
        lignes = ArrayList()

        val resultArgument = arguments

        val queryFill = resources.getStringArray(R.array.fillSearchQuery2)
        for(ligne in queryFill){
            lignes.add(ligne)
        }

        adapter = ListAdapterCustom(view.context, R.layout.list_adapter, lignes, resultArgument)

        listSearchView.adapter = adapter

        search.queryHint = "Entrez un arrêt"

        search.setOnQueryTextListener(object : SearchView.OnQueryTextListener {

            override fun onQueryTextChange(newText: String): Boolean {
                adapter.filter.filter(newText.trim())
                if(newText.trim() != ""){
                    listSearchView.visibility = View.VISIBLE
                }else{
                    listSearchView.visibility = View.GONE
                }
                return false
            }

            override fun onQueryTextSubmit(query: String): Boolean {
                Toast.makeText(view.context, "Submit $query", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
                return false
            }

        })
    }

和适配器:

class ListAdapterCustom(context: Context, resource: Int, list: ArrayList<String>, private val arguments: Bundle?) : ArrayAdapter<String>(context, resource, list) {


override fun getView(position: Int, convertView: View?, parent: ViewGroup): View {
    val view = super.getView(position, convertView, parent)

    val thisBundle = arguments
    if(thisBundle != null){
        val builder = StringBuilder("Extras:\n")
        for (key in thisBundle.keySet()) {
            val value = thisBundle.get(key)
            builder.append(key).append(": ").append(value).append("\n")
        }
        Log.i("Extras", builder.toString())
    }

    val arret = view.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.arret)

    arret.setOnClickListener {
        val fragment = MesInformations()
        val bundle = Bundle()
        bundle.putString("Arret", arret.text.toString())
        fragment.arguments = bundle

        Snackbar.make(view, arret.text, Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT).show()

        val fragmentManager = (context as AppCompatActivity).supportFragmentManager
        val fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction()

        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment).addToBackStack(null)
        fragmentTransaction.commit()
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null)
    }

    if (position % 2 == 1) {
        view.setBackgroundResource(R.color.colorWhite)
    } else {
        view.setBackgroundResource(R.color.grayBackground)
    }
    return view
}

Answer 1

您可以创建共享的 ViewModel 以在 fragment 之间进行通信。创建一个 ViewModel 并使用每个 fragment 内的托管 Activity 上下文访问它们。

这是一个从 ViewModel 文档中复制的示例:https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/viewmodel

class SharedViewModel : ViewModel() {
    val selected = MutableLiveData<Item>()

    fun select(item: Item) {
        selected.value = item
    }
}

class MasterFragment : Fragment() {

    private lateinit var itemSelector: Selector

    private lateinit var model: SharedViewModel

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        model = activity?.run {
            ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(SharedViewModel::class.java)
        } ?: throw Exception("Invalid Activity")

        itemSelector.setOnClickListener { item ->
            model.select(item)  // <-- This will notify the `DetailFragment`
        }
    }
}

class DetailFragment : Fragment() {

    private lateinit var model: SharedViewModel

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        model = activity?.run {
            ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(SharedViewModel::class.java)
        } ?: throw Exception("Invalid Activity")

        model.selected.observe(this, Observer<Item> { item ->
            // Update the UI
        })
    }
}

这里，SharedViewModel 在 MasterFragment 和 DetailFragment 中被访问。两者都在访问 SharedViewModel 的同一个实例，因为它们都从 Activity 的上下文访问 ViewModel:

ViewModelProviders.of(*ACTIVITY*).get(SharedViewModel::class.java)

现在您可以在 SharedViewModel 中包含一些 LiveData 并且两个 fragment 都可以监听/更新它们，这最终也会反射(reflect)在另一个 fragment 上。