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我正在使用 Java 和 GUI 的 Swing 类创建一个聊天应用程序。
ChatServer 类将是从客户端接收消息并向所有客户端回显的服务器,但我只想为 2 个客户端进行聊天。
ChatClient 类既是客户端。它们在文本区域上显示从服务器发送的内容。并将文本字段中的文本发送到服务器。
ChatClient 类
package chatclient;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class ChatClient extends javax.swing.JFrame {
public ChatClient() {
initComponents();
}
/**
* This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form.
* WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always
* regenerated by the Form Editor.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">
private void initComponents() {
scrollPane = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
textArea = new javax.swing.JTextArea();
btnConnect = new javax.swing.JButton();
btnDisconnect = new javax.swing.JButton();
lblStatus = new javax.swing.JLabel();
lblShowStatus = new javax.swing.JLabel();
txtInput = new javax.swing.JTextField();
setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setTitle("Chat Client A");
textArea.setEditable(false);
textArea.setColumns(20);
textArea.setRows(5);
textArea.setText("Welcome to the Chat Server. Type '/close' or Click 'Disconnect' to close.");
textArea.setWrapStyleWord(true);
textArea.setCaretPosition(textArea.getDocument().getLength());
scrollPane.setViewportView(textArea);
btnConnect.setText("Connect");
btnConnect.setActionCommand("btnConnect");
btnConnect.addMouseListener(new java.awt.event.MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
btnConnectMouseClicked(evt);
}
});
btnDisconnect.setText("Disconnect");
btnDisconnect.setActionCommand("btnDisconnect");
btnDisconnect.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
btnDisconnectActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
lblStatus.setText("Status: ");
lblShowStatus.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Tahoma", 1, 11)); // NOI18N
lblShowStatus.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(255, 51, 51));
lblShowStatus.setText("Disconnected");
txtInput.setToolTipText("");
txtInput.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
txtInputActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
layout.setHorizontalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addContainerGap()
.addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(scrollPane)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(btnConnect)
.addGap(18, 18, 18)
.addComponent(btnDisconnect)
.addGap(42, 42, 42)
.addComponent(lblStatus)
.addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addComponent(lblShowStatus)
.addGap(0, 42, Short.MAX_VALUE))
.addComponent(txtInput))
.addContainerGap())
);
layout.setVerticalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addContainerGap()
.addComponent(scrollPane, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 213, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, 11, Short.MAX_VALUE)
.addComponent(txtInput, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
.addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
.addComponent(btnConnect)
.addComponent(btnDisconnect)
.addComponent(lblStatus)
.addComponent(lblShowStatus))
.addContainerGap())
);
pack();
}// </editor-fold>
private void btnConnectMouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
// TODO add your handling code here:
lblShowStatus.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Tahoma", 1, 11)); // NOI18N
lblShowStatus.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(0, 204, 51));
lblShowStatus.setText("Connected");
// ADD CODES FOR CONNECTING TO CHAT SERVER
}
private void btnDisconnectActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
// TODO add your handling code here:
lblShowStatus.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Tahoma", 1, 11)); // NOI18N
lblShowStatus.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(255, 51, 51));
lblShowStatus.setText("Disconnected");
// ADD CODES FOR DISCONNECTING FROM CHAT SERVER
}
private void txtInputActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
// TODO add your handling code here:
}
/**
* @param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String args[]) {
/* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
//<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
/* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
* For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html
*/
try {
for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
break;
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(ChatClient.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(ChatClient.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(ChatClient.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(ChatClient.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
//</editor-fold>
/* Create and display the form */
java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
new ChatClient().setVisible(true);
}
});
String input = "", serverInput = "";
String host = "localhost";
int port = 1337;
Socket client;
// updateTextArea("TEST UPDATE");
try {
client = new Socket(host, port);
System.out.println("Connected to Server!");
DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
System.out.println("Before setting text area");
updateTextArea("trying to update");
do {
// HANDLE INPUT PART HERE
serverInput = in.readUTF();
if(serverInput != null) {
System.out.println("Reached here");
System.out.println(serverInput);
updateTextArea(serverInput);
}
} while(!input.equals("/close"));
System.out.println("Program closed");
}
catch(Exception exc) {
System.err.println(exc.getMessage());
}
}
private static void updateTextArea(String temp) {
textArea.setText(textArea.getText() + "\n" + temp + "\n");
textArea.setCaretPosition(textArea.getDocument().getLength());
}
// Variables declaration - do not modify
private javax.swing.JButton btnConnect;
private javax.swing.JButton btnDisconnect;
private javax.swing.JLabel lblShowStatus;
private javax.swing.JLabel lblStatus;
private javax.swing.JScrollPane scrollPane;
private static javax.swing.JTextArea textArea;
private javax.swing.JTextField txtInput;
// End of variables declaration
}
ChatServer类
package chatserver;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
// for testing
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
*
* @author wacats
*/
public class ChatServer {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int port = 1337;
try {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(port);
String inMessage = "";
while(true) {
Socket clientA = server.accept();
DataInputStream inA = new DataInputStream(clientA.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream outA = new DataOutputStream(clientA.getOutputStream());
// outA.writeUTF("Welcome to the Chat Server. Type '/close' or Click 'Disconnect' to close.");
// for testing
// BufferedReader user = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
do {
inMessage = inA.readUTF();
outA.writeUTF("testing");
if(inMessage != null) {
outA.writeUTF(inMessage);
}
} while(!inMessage.equals("/close"));
clientA.close();
}
}
catch(Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
我对这个程序的流程的想法是:
最佳答案
基本问题是,当您尝试调用 updateTextArea
时,textArea
为 null
,这是因为 invokeLater
> 调用尚未执行并构建您的 UI,您基本上有一个竞争条件。
在 Swing 中处理 Socket
的正常方法是使用 SwingWorker
看看Concurrency in Swing和 Worker Threads and SwingWorker了解更多详情。
有多种方法可以解决您的问题。您可以使用 SwingWorker
从套接字读取文本并生成更新通知(通过 publish
/process
)方法,这是众所周知的作为“观察者模式”。这很好,因为它可以解耦您的代码并生成更可重用的解决方案。
SocketReader
这个类所做的就是从Socket
读取文本并从文本生成ActionEvent
,很简单。
public class SocketReader extends SwingWorker<Void, String> {
private List<ActionListener> actionListeners;
public SocketReader() {
actionListeners = new ArrayList<>(25);
}
public void addActionListener(ActionListener listener) {
actionListeners.add(listener);
}
public void removeActionListener(ActionListener listener) {
actionListeners.remove(listener);
}
@Override
protected Void doInBackground() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Connected to Server!");
try (DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(SocketManager.INSTACNE.getInputStream())) {
System.out.println("Before setting text area");
String serverInput = null;
do {
// HANDLE INPUT PART HERE
serverInput = in.readUTF();
if (serverInput != null) {
System.out.println("Read " + serverInput);
publish(serverInput);
}
} while (!serverInput.equals("/close"));
System.out.println("Program closed");
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void process(List<String> chunks) {
for (String text : chunks) {
ActionEvent evt = new ActionEvent(this, ActionEvent.ACTION_PERFORMED, text);
for (ActionListener listener : actionListeners) {
listener.actionPerformed(evt);
}
}
}
}
SocketWriter
这个简单的将文本写入Socket
,很简单。从技术上讲,您不需要为此使用 SwingWorker
,但我喜欢这样一个事实:它相对容易取消
public class SocketWriter extends SwingWorker<Void, Void> {
private List<String> messages;
private ReentrantLock lock;
private Condition waitCon;
public SocketWriter() {
messages = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>(25));
lock = new ReentrantLock();
waitCon = lock.newCondition();
}
public void write(String text) {
System.out.println("Write " + text);
messages.add(text);
try {
lock.lock();
waitCon.signalAll();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
@Override
protected Void doInBackground() throws Exception {
try (DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(SocketManager.INSTACNE.getOutputStream())) {
while (!isCancelled()) {
while (messages.isEmpty() && !isCancelled()) {
try {
lock.lock();
waitCon.await();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
List<String> cache = new ArrayList<>(messages);
messages.clear();
for (String text : cache) {
System.out.println("Send " + text);
out.writeUTF(text);
}
}
}
return null;
}
}
SocketManager
好吧,这对我来说有点过分了,但我想要一个Socket
的中央 Controller ,你不必使用单例,你可以简单地使它成为一个简单的类并通过它对您的 ChatClient
的引用,并一直到 SocketReader/Writer
,但已经晚了,而且我很懒
public enum SocketManager {
INSTACNE;
private String host = "localhost";
private int port = 1337;
private Socket socket;
public Socket open() throws IOException {
if (socket != null) {
close();
}
socket = new Socket(host, port);
return socket;
}
public void close() throws IOException {
if (socket == null) {
return;
}
socket.close();
}
public boolean isOpen() {
return socket != null
&& socket.isConnected()
&& !socket.isClosed()
&& !socket.isInputShutdown()
&& !socket.isOutputShutdown();
}
public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
Objects.requireNonNull(socket, "Socket is not open");
return socket.getInputStream();
}
public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
Objects.requireNonNull(socket, "Socket is not open");
return socket.getOutputStream();
}
}
ChatClient
这一切都很棒,但是你打算如何使用它?
基本上,您将在 ChatClient
中创建 SocketReader
和 SocketWriter
的实例,并附加一个 ActionListener
code> 发送给阅读器,并在触发时更新 JTextArea
并将您想要发送的文本发送到 SocketWriter
,例如...
public class ChatClient extends javax.swing.JFrame {
public ChatClient() {
initComponents();
socketReader = new SocketReader();
socketReader.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String text = e.getActionCommand();
textArea.append(text);
textArea.append("\n");
textArea.setCaretPosition(textArea.getDocument().getLength());
}
});
socketReader.execute();
socketWriter = new SocketWriter();
socketWriter.execute();
}
/**
* This method is called from within the constructor to initialize the form.
* WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is always
* regenerated by the Form Editor.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">
private void initComponents() {
scrollPane = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
textArea = new javax.swing.JTextArea();
btnConnect = new javax.swing.JButton();
btnDisconnect = new javax.swing.JButton();
lblStatus = new javax.swing.JLabel();
lblShowStatus = new javax.swing.JLabel();
txtInput = new javax.swing.JTextField();
setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setTitle("Chat Client A");
textArea.setEditable(false);
textArea.setColumns(20);
textArea.setRows(5);
textArea.setText("Welcome to the Chat Server. Type '/close' or Click 'Disconnect' to close.");
textArea.setWrapStyleWord(true);
textArea.setCaretPosition(textArea.getDocument().getLength());
scrollPane.setViewportView(textArea);
btnConnect.setText("Connect");
btnConnect.setActionCommand("btnConnect");
btnConnect.addMouseListener(new java.awt.event.MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
btnConnectMouseClicked(evt);
}
});
btnDisconnect.setText("Disconnect");
btnDisconnect.setActionCommand("btnDisconnect");
btnDisconnect.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
btnDisconnectActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
lblStatus.setText("Status: ");
lblShowStatus.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Tahoma", 1, 11)); // NOI18N
lblShowStatus.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(255, 51, 51));
lblShowStatus.setText("Disconnected");
txtInput.setToolTipText("");
txtInput.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
txtInputActionPerformed(evt);
}
});
javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
layout.setHorizontalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addContainerGap()
.addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addComponent(scrollPane)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(btnConnect)
.addGap(18, 18, 18)
.addComponent(btnDisconnect)
.addGap(42, 42, 42)
.addComponent(lblStatus)
.addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
.addComponent(lblShowStatus)
.addGap(0, 42, Short.MAX_VALUE))
.addComponent(txtInput))
.addContainerGap())
);
layout.setVerticalGroup(
layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
.addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
.addContainerGap()
.addComponent(scrollPane, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 213, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, 11, Short.MAX_VALUE)
.addComponent(txtInput, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
.addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
.addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
.addComponent(btnConnect)
.addComponent(btnDisconnect)
.addComponent(lblStatus)
.addComponent(lblShowStatus))
.addContainerGap())
);
pack();
}// </editor-fold>
private void btnConnectMouseClicked(java.awt.event.MouseEvent evt) {
// TODO add your handling code here:
lblShowStatus.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Tahoma", 1, 11)); // NOI18N
lblShowStatus.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(0, 204, 51));
lblShowStatus.setText("Connected");
// ADD CODES FOR CONNECTING TO CHAT SERVER
}
private void btnDisconnectActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
// TODO add your handling code here:
lblShowStatus.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Tahoma", 1, 11)); // NOI18N
lblShowStatus.setForeground(new java.awt.Color(255, 51, 51));
lblShowStatus.setText("Disconnected");
// ADD CODES FOR DISCONNECTING FROM CHAT SERVER
}
private void txtInputActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
if (SocketManager.INSTACNE.isOpen()) {
socketWriter.write(txtInput.getText());
} else {
System.out.println("!! Not open");
}
}
/**
* @param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
/* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
//<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
/* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
* For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html
*/
try {
for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
break;
}
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(ChatClient.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(ChatClient.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(ChatClient.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(ChatClient.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
}
//</editor-fold>
SocketManager.INSTACNE.open();
/* Create and display the form */
java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
new ChatClient().setVisible(true);
}
});
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
//</editor-fold>
}
private SocketWriter socketWriter;
private SocketReader socketReader;
// Variables declaration - do not modify
private javax.swing.JButton btnConnect;
private javax.swing.JButton btnDisconnect;
private javax.swing.JLabel lblShowStatus;
private javax.swing.JLabel lblStatus;
private javax.swing.JScrollPane scrollPane;
private javax.swing.JTextArea textArea;
private javax.swing.JTextField txtInput;
// End of variables declaration
}
你会注意到,我在main
中使用了SocketManager#open
,抱歉,错过了你的“连接”代码。我建议将其转移到该方法;)
聊天服务器
我没有对此做太多改变,但以防万一......
public class ChatServer {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int port = 1337;
try {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(port);
String inMessage = "";
while (true) {
System.out.println("Waiting");
Socket clientA = server.accept();
System.out.println("Connected");
DataInputStream inA = new DataInputStream(clientA.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream outA = new DataOutputStream(clientA.getOutputStream());
// outA.writeUTF("Welcome to the Chat Server. Type '/close' or Click 'Disconnect' to close.");
// for testing
// BufferedReader user = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
do {
inMessage = inA.readUTF();
if (inMessage != null) {
outA.writeUTF(inMessage);
}
} while (!inMessage.equals("/close"));
clientA.close();
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
通常,当客户端连接时,您会启动一个新的线程
并让它处理客户端Socket
,但这不是我的重点。
因此,基于此,您需要阅读大量内容,包括 Concurrency in Java和 All About Sockets
关于Java Swing GUI 客户端和服务器聊天应用程序 TextArea 未更新,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44155909/
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我构建了一个 Java 应用程序,它向外部授权客户端公开网络服务。 Web 服务使用带有证书身份验证的 WS-security。基本上我们充当自定义证书颁发机构 - 我们在我们的服务器上维护一个 ja
因此,我有时会在上传新版本时使用 app_offline.htm 使应用程序离线。 但是,当我上传较大的 dll 时,我收到黄色错误屏幕,指出无法加载 dll。 这似乎与我对 app_offline.
我刚刚下载了 VS Apache Cordova Tools Update 5,但遇到了 Node 和 NPM 的问题。我使用默认的空白 cordova 项目进行测试。 版本 如果我在 VS 项目中对
所以我有一个使用传单库实例化的 map 对象。 map 实例在单独的模板中创建并以这种方式路由:- var app = angular.module('myApp', ['ui', 'ngResour
我使用较早的 Java 6 u 3 获得的帧速率是新版本的两倍。很奇怪。谁能解释一下? 在 Core 2 Duo 1.83ghz 上,集成视频(仅使用一个内核)- 1500(较旧的 java)与 70
我正在使用 angular 1.2 ng-repeat 创建的 div 也包含 ng-click 点击时 ng-click 更新 $scope $scope 中的变化反射(reflect)在使用 $a
这些方法有什么区别 public final void moveCamera(CameraUpdate更新)和public final void animateCamera (CameraUpdate
我尝试了另一篇文章中某人评论中关于如何将树更改为列表的建议。但是,我在某处(或某物)有未声明的变量,所以我列表中的值是 [_G667, _G673, _G679],而不是 [5, 2, 6],这是正确
实现以下场景的最佳方法是什么? 我需要从java应用程序调用/查询包含数百万条记录的数据库表。然后,对于表中的每条记录,我的应用程序应该调用第三方 API 并获取状态字段作为响应。然后我的应用程序应该
只是在编写一些与 java 图形相关的代码,这是我今天的讲座中的非常简单的示例。不管怎样,互联网似乎说更新不会被系统触发器调用,例如调整框架大小等。在这个例子中,更新是由这样的触发器调用的(因此当我只
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