java - 无法访问其他 Controller 的字段

Question

我正在尝试用 JavaFX 编写 GUI 应用程序。基本思想是有一个主 GridPane View ，其内部是另一个应在按下按钮时更改的 Pane 。由于此 Pane 必须读取用户的一些输入，因此我希望 Controller 之间存在流，以便我可以在应用程序的不同部分之间传递数据。我的想法是将所有 Controller 放在一个地方，并从任何地方引用它们的字段。它似乎不起作用 - 似乎我无法从 Pane 外部修改 Pane 的内容，即使我可以访问它的字段。它看起来或多或少像这样:

main_view.fxml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.TextField?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.ColumnConstraints?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.Pane?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.RowConstraints?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>

<GridPane alignment="center" hgap="10" vgap="10" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.111" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" fx:controller="main.MainController">
   <columnConstraints>
      <ColumnConstraints />
   </columnConstraints>
   <rowConstraints>
      <RowConstraints />
   </rowConstraints>
   <children>
      <GridPane prefHeight="300.0" prefWidth="400.0">
        <columnConstraints>
          <ColumnConstraints hgrow="SOMETIMES" minWidth="10.0" percentWidth="30.0" prefWidth="100.0" />
          <ColumnConstraints hgrow="SOMETIMES" minWidth="10.0" prefWidth="100.0" />
        </columnConstraints>
        <rowConstraints>
          <RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
          <RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES" />
        </rowConstraints>
         <children>
            <VBox alignment="CENTER" prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="100.0" spacing="20.0" GridPane.rowSpan="2">
               <children>
                  <TextField fx:id="userInputTextField">
                     <VBox.margin>
                        <Insets left="5.0" right="5.0" />
                     </VBox.margin>
                  </TextField>
                  <Button mnemonicParsing="false" onAction="#appendToFirstArea" text="Append to area 1" />
                  <Button mnemonicParsing="false" onAction="#appendToSecondArea" text="Append to area 2" />
                  <Button mnemonicParsing="false" onAction="#moveToFirstArea" text="Move to area 1" />
                  <Button mnemonicParsing="false" onAction="#moveToSecondArea" text="Move to area 2" />
               </children>
               <GridPane.margin>
                  <Insets />
               </GridPane.margin>
            </VBox>
            <Pane fx:id="content" prefHeight="300.0" prefWidth="280.0" GridPane.columnIndex="1" GridPane.rowSpan="2" />
         </children>
      </GridPane>
   </children>
</GridPane>

MainController.java

package main;

import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MainController {
    public TextField userInputTextField;
    public Pane content;

    private FirstAreaController getFirstAreaController() {
        return Main.firstAreaController;
    }

    private SecondAreaController getSecondAreaController() {
        return Main.secondAreaController;
    }

    public void appendToFirstArea(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        String text = userInputTextField.getText();
        getFirstAreaController().firstTextArea.appendText(text + "\n");
    }

    public void appendToSecondArea(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        String text = userInputTextField.getText();
        getSecondAreaController().secondTextArea.appendText(text + "\n");
    }

    public void moveToFirstArea(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        try {
            GridPane firstArea = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("first_area.fxml"));
            content.getChildren().clear();
            content.getChildren().add(firstArea);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void moveToSecondArea(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        try {
            GridPane secondArea = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("second_area.fxml"));
            content.getChildren().clear();
            content.getChildren().add(secondArea);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

first_area.fxml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.TextArea?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.ColumnConstraints?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.RowConstraints?>

<GridPane onKeyPressed="#appendTest" maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity"
          minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity"
          prefHeight="300.0" prefWidth="280.0"
          xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.111"
          fx:controller="main.FirstAreaController">
    <columnConstraints>
        <ColumnConstraints hgrow="SOMETIMES" minWidth="10.0" prefWidth="100.0"/>
    </columnConstraints>
    <rowConstraints>
        <RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES"/>
    </rowConstraints>
    <children>
        <TextArea fx:id="firstTextArea" prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="200.0">
            <GridPane.margin>
                <Insets bottom="20.0" left="20.0" right="20.0" top="20.0"/>
            </GridPane.margin>
        </TextArea>
    </children>
</GridPane>

FirstAreaController.java

package main;

import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;

public class FirstAreaController {
    public TextArea firstTextArea;
}

second_area.fxml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.TextArea?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.ColumnConstraints?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.RowConstraints?>

<GridPane maxHeight="-Infinity" maxWidth="-Infinity"
          minHeight="-Infinity" minWidth="-Infinity"
          prefHeight="300.0" prefWidth="280.0"
          xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.111"
          fx:controller="main.SecondAreaController">
    <columnConstraints>
        <ColumnConstraints hgrow="SOMETIMES" minWidth="10.0" prefWidth="100.0"/>
    </columnConstraints>
    <rowConstraints>
        <RowConstraints minHeight="10.0" prefHeight="30.0" vgrow="SOMETIMES"/>
    </rowConstraints>
    <children>
        <TextArea fx:id="secondTextArea" prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="200.0">
            <GridPane.margin>
                <Insets bottom="20.0" left="20.0" right="20.0" top="20.0"/>
            </GridPane.margin>
        </TextArea>
    </children>
</GridPane>

SecondAreaController.java

package main;

import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;

public class SecondAreaController {
    public TextArea secondTextArea;
}

Main.java

package main;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class Main extends Application {

    public static MainController mainController;
    public static FirstAreaController firstAreaController;
    public static SecondAreaController secondAreaController;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {
        FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader();
        loader.setLocation(getClass().getResource("main_view.fxml"));
        Parent root = loader.load();
        primaryStage.setTitle("Test");
        primaryStage.setScene(new Scene(root, 400, 300));
        mainController = loader.getController();

        FXMLLoader firstLoader = new FXMLLoader();
        firstLoader.setLocation(getClass().getResource("first_area.fxml"));
        firstLoader.load();
        firstAreaController = firstLoader.getController();

        FXMLLoader secondLoader = new FXMLLoader();
        secondLoader.setLocation(getClass().getResource("second_area.fxml"));
        secondLoader.load();
        secondAreaController = secondLoader.getController();

        primaryStage.setResizable(false);
        primaryStage.show();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

按“附加到 1 个区域”按钮后，没有任何反应 - 文本没有显示在 TextArea 中。不过，当我添加仅在 FirstAreaController 内部调用的方法时，文本会按预期出现在该区域中。我该如何修复它？

Answer 1

您正在加载second_area.fxml两次: MainController 一次，您在哪里加载 second_area.fxml并显示它，并在 Main 中显示一次。您正在访问的 Controller 是与您加载 second_area.fxml 时加载的 UI 关联的 Controller 。在Main ，但实际显示的 UI 是您在 MainController 中加载的 UI 。因此，当您调用 Controller 上的方法时，您正在更新从未显示过的 UI。

无论如何，公共(public)字段遍布各处的“全局数据”方法并不是一个特别好的主意，并且(由于许多有据可查的原因)从长远来看不太可能非常易于维护。

因为您仅从 MainController 访问这些内容，只需输入 FirstAreaController和SecondAreaController MainController 中的字段类，并在加载(和显示)相应的 FXML 文件时设置它们的值:

public class MainController {
    public TextField userInputTextField;
    public Pane content;

    private FirstAreaController firstAreaController ;
    private SecondAreaController secondAreaController ;



    public void appendToFirstArea(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        String text = userInputTextField.getText();
        firstAreaController.firstTextArea.appendText(text + "\n");
    }

    public void appendToSecondArea(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        String text = userInputTextField.getText();
        secondAreaController.secondTextArea.appendText(text + "\n");
    }

    public void moveToFirstArea(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        try {
            FXMLLoader loader = new FXMLLoader(getClass().getResource("first_area.fxml"));
            GridPane firstArea = loader.load();
            firstAreaController = loader.getController();
            content.getChildren().clear();
            content.getChildren().add(firstArea);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void moveToSecondArea(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
        try {
            FXMLLoader loader = getClass().getResource("second_area.fxml");
            GridPane secondArea = loader.load();
            secondAreaController = loader.getController();
            content.getChildren().clear();
            content.getChildren().add(secondArea);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

如果您需要从“更远的”对象更新 UI，请考虑使用数据模型和 MVC 方法。参见，例如Applying MVC With JavaFx .