java - Spring Boot Maven - 无法将 Web 应用程序打包为可执行 jar/war

Question

我正在尝试学习如何使用 Spring Boot 和 MVC 构建 Web 应用程序。

我能够创建一个 Spring boot 应用程序，并通过执行 SpringBootWebApplication 类中的 main 方法从 Eclipse 运行它。它工作正常，我可以通过点击 http://localhost:8080 来启动我的应用程序。

现在，我想将我的应用程序打包为可执行的 WAR 或 JAR(我不知道哪一个是正确的!)。为此，我在 pom.xml

中添加了一个名为 spring-boot-maven-plugin 的构建插件

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.sriram</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Tomcat Embed -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JSTL -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- To compile JSP files -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Package as an executable jar/war -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

郑重声明，我根据教程 here 创建了这个 pom

当我从命令提示符运行 mvn clean package -e 时，我收到如下错误:

[INFO] Error stacktraces are turned on.
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building springboot Maven Webapp 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[WARNING] The POM for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:jar:1.5.1.RELEASE is invalid, transitive dependencies (if any) will not be available, enable debug logging for more details
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 0.890 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-08-01T13:03:42+05:30
[INFO] Final Memory: 8M/184M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Plugin org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.5.1.RELEASE or one of its dependencies could not be resolved: Failed to read artifact descriptor for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:jar:1.5.1.RELEASE: 1 problem was encountered while building the effective model for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:[unknown-version]
[ERROR] [FATAL] Non-parseable POM C:\Users\Sriram\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-parent\1.5.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-parent-1.5.1.RELEASE.pom: in epilog non whitespace content is not allowed but got r (position: END_TAG seen ...</profiles>\n</project>\nr... @946:2)  @ C:\Users\Sriram\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-parent\1.5.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-parent-1.5.1.RELEASE.pom, line 946, column 2
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
org.apache.maven.plugin.PluginResolutionException: Plugin org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.5.1.RELEASE or one of its dependencies could not be resolved: Failed to read artifact descriptor for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:jar:1.5.1.RELEASE
        at org.apache.maven.plugin.internal.DefaultPluginDependenciesResolver.resolve(DefaultPluginDependenciesResolver.java:117)
        at org.apache.maven.plugin.internal.DefaultMavenPluginManager.getPluginDescriptor(DefaultMavenPluginManager.java:181)
        at org.apache.maven.plugin.internal.DefaultMavenPluginManager.getMojoDescriptor(DefaultMavenPluginManager.java:286)
        at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.getMojoDescriptor(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:241)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.DefaultLifecycleMappingDelegate.calculateLifecycleMappings(DefaultLifecycleMappingDelegate.java:110)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.DefaultLifecycleExecutionPlanCalculator.calculateLifecycleMappings(DefaultLifecycleExecutionPlanCalculator.java:266)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.DefaultLifecycleExecutionPlanCalculator.calculateMojoExecutions(DefaultLifecycleExecutionPlanCalculator.java:217)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.DefaultLifecycleExecutionPlanCalculator.calculateExecutionPlan(DefaultLifecycleExecutionPlanCalculator.java:127)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.DefaultLifecycleExecutionPlanCalculator.calculateExecutionPlan(DefaultLifecycleExecutionPlanCalculator.java:145)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.BuilderCommon.resolveBuildPlan(BuilderCommon.java:96)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:110)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:51)
        at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
        at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:309)
        at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:194)
        at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:107)
        at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:993)
        at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:345)
        at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:191)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
        at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
        at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
        at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
Caused by: org.eclipse.aether.resolution.ArtifactDescriptorException: Failed to read artifact descriptor for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:jar:1.5.1.RELEASE
        at org.apache.maven.repository.internal.DefaultArtifactDescriptorReader.loadPom(DefaultArtifactDescriptorReader.java:339)
        at org.apache.maven.repository.internal.DefaultArtifactDescriptorReader.readArtifactDescriptor(DefaultArtifactDescriptorReader.java:199)
        at org.eclipse.aether.internal.impl.DefaultRepositorySystem.readArtifactDescriptor(DefaultRepositorySystem.java:296)
        at org.apache.maven.plugin.internal.DefaultPluginDependenciesResolver.resolve(DefaultPluginDependenciesResolver.java:103)
        ... 27 more
Caused by: org.apache.maven.model.building.ModelBuildingException: 1 problem was encountered while building the effective model for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin:[unknown-version]
[FATAL] Non-parseable POM C:\Users\Sriram\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-parent\1.5.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-parent-1.5.1.RELEASE.pom: in epilog non whitespace content is not allowed but got r (position: END_TAG seen ...</profiles>\n</project>\nr... @946:2)  @ C:\Users\Sriram\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-parent\1.5.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-parent-1.5.1.RELEASE.pom, line 946, column 2

        at org.apache.maven.model.building.DefaultModelProblemCollector.newModelBuildingException(DefaultModelProblemCollector.java:197)
        at org.apache.maven.model.building.DefaultModelBuilder.readModel(DefaultModelBuilder.java:581)
        at org.apache.maven.model.building.DefaultModelBuilder.readParentExternally(DefaultModelBuilder.java:1097)
        at org.apache.maven.model.building.DefaultModelBuilder.readParent(DefaultModelBuilder.java:829)
        at org.apache.maven.model.building.DefaultModelBuilder.build(DefaultModelBuilder.java:331)
        at org.apache.maven.repository.internal.DefaultArtifactDescriptorReader.loadPom(DefaultArtifactDescriptorReader.java:321)
        ... 30 more
[ERROR]
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/PluginResolutionException

我的源代码中没有收到任何编译错误。鉴于当我从 Eclipse 中运行 main 方法时，我的应用程序能够启动，为什么我的 Maven 打包不起作用？我可以弄清楚以下内容:

根据堆栈跟踪，我打开了文件C:\Users\Sriram.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-parent\1.5.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-parent -1.5.1.RELEASE.pom 使用 Notepad++，它确实有一些错误 - 我的意思是 XML 似乎格式错误，Notepad++ 也引发了解析错误。

虽然我可以找出问题所在，但我不确定 XML 在由我的 Maven pom 自动设置时是如何最终损坏的。我错过了什么？

谢谢，斯里拉姆

Answer 1

您(至少)有两件事需要纠正。

第一个:你的 Maven 构建失败:

[FATAL] Non-parseable POM C:\Users\Sriram.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-parent\1.5.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-parent-1.5.1.RELEASE.pom: in epilog non whitespace content is not allowed but got r (position: END_TAG seen ...\n\nr... @946:2) @ C:\Users\Sriram.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-parent\1.5.1.RELEASE\spring-boot-parent-1.5.1.RELEASE.pom, line 946, column 2

原因不是你实际的 pom 而是 spring-boot-parent-1.5.1.RELEASE.pom依赖关系似乎已损坏。
所以，首先删除C:\Users\Sriram.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-parent\1.5.1.RELEASE\文件夹并重新启动构建以下载它。

第二个问题:要创建可执行的 jar 或 war，您必须使用 spring-boot:repackage目标。

来自plugin documentation :

repackage: create a jar or war file that is auto-executable. It can replace the regular artifact or can be attached to the build lifecycle with a separate classifier.

在您的 pom 中，您没有指定 repackage目标。
您仅指定 spring-boot-maven-plugin :

<build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- Package as an executable jar/war -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

因此将其替换为:

<build>
    <plugins>
        <!-- Package as an executable jar/war -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>           
            <executions>
               <execution>
                <goals>
                   <goal>repackage</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
           </executions>
        </plugin>
   </plugins>
</build>