postgresql - Spring Boot+Kotlin+Postgres 和 JSON : "org.hibernate.MappingException: No Dialect mapping for JDBC type"

Question

我一直在咨询许多方法/帖子/stackoverflow 问题，以便在运行 Kotlin/SpringBoot 应用程序时处理以下错误(完整堆栈跟踪):

2020-04-22 18:33:56.823 ERROR 46345 --- [  restartedMain] o.s.boot.SpringApplication               : Application run failed

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.MappingException: No Dialect mapping for JDBC type: 2118910070
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1803)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:595)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1108)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:868)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:141)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:747)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:397)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:315)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1226)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1215)
    at app.ApplicationKt.main(Application.kt:13)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:49)
Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: default] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory; nested exception is org.hibernate.MappingException: No Dialect mapping for JDBC type: 2118910070
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:403)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:378)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:341)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1862)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1799)
    ... 21 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.hibernate.MappingException: No Dialect mapping for JDBC type: 2118910070
    at org.hibernate.dialect.TypeNames.get(TypeNames.java:71)
    at org.hibernate.dialect.TypeNames.get(TypeNames.java:103)
    at org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect.getTypeName(Dialect.java:369)
    at org.hibernate.mapping.Column.getSqlType(Column.java:238)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.validateColumnType(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:156)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.validateTable(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:143)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.GroupedSchemaValidatorImpl.validateTables(GroupedSchemaValidatorImpl.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.performValidation(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:89)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.AbstractSchemaValidator.doValidation(AbstractSchemaValidator.java:68)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.performDatabaseAction(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:192)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.process(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:73)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryImpl.java:320)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.build(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:462)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:1249)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:58)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:365)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:391)
    ... 25 common frames omitted

问题在于用 Hibernate 映射 PostgreSQL 的 JSONB 数据类型。
我广泛尝试和调试的两种方法如下:

实现自定义 Hibernate 映射并为 JSONB 创建自定义 UserType。引用文献:here , here , here和 here

使用休眠类型。引用文献是here , here和 here

我在这两个方面都进行了大量尝试，但没有任何运气，我很想了解我哪里出错了以及我遗漏了什么。
方法一
我的实体:

@Entity
@TypeDef(name = "JsonUserType", typeClass = JsonUserType::class)
@Table(name = "entity")
data class MyEntity(
  @Column(nullable = false)
  val id: UUID,
  @Column(nullable = false)
  @Enumerated(value = EnumType.STRING)
  @Column(nullable = false)
  val type: Type,
  @Type(type = "JsonUserType")
  @Column(columnDefinition = "jsonb")
  @Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
  var event_data: Event
) : SomeEntity<UUID>(), SomeOtherStuff {
  override fun getName(): String {
    return id
  }
}
 
 
enum class Type(val value: String) {
  TYPE1("Type1"),
  TYPE2("Type2")
}

我的POJO:

data class Event(
  val someContent: String,
  val someBoolean: Boolean
) : Serializable { //equals, hashcode etc are omitted }

我的自定义休眠方言:

class CustomPostgreSQLDialect : PostgreSQL95Dialect {
  constructor() : super() {
    this.registerColumnType(Types.JAVA_OBJECT, "jsonb")
  }
}

我的自定义类型(抽象类)

abstract class JsonDataUserType : UserType {

  override fun sqlTypes(): IntArray? {
    return intArrayOf(Types.JAVA_OBJECT)
  }

  override fun equals(value1: Any?, value2: Any?): Boolean {
    return value1 == value2
  }

  override fun hashCode(value1: Any?): Int {
    return value1!!.hashCode()
  }

  override fun assemble(value1: Serializable?, value2: Any?): Any {
    return deepCopy(value1)
  }

  override fun disassemble(value1: Any?): Serializable {
    return deepCopy(value1) as Serializable
  }

  override fun deepCopy(p0: Any?): Any {
    return try {
      val bos = ByteArrayOutputStream()
      val oos = ObjectOutputStream(bos)
      oos.writeObject(p0)
      oos.flush()
      oos.close()
      bos.close()
      val bais = ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray())
      ObjectInputStream(bais).readObject()
    } catch (ex: ClassNotFoundException) {
      throw HibernateException(ex)
    } catch (ex: IOException) {
      throw HibernateException(ex)
    }
  }

  override fun replace(p0: Any?, p1: Any?, p2: Any?): Any {
    return deepCopy(p0)
  }

  override fun nullSafeSet(p0: PreparedStatement?, p1: Any?, p2: Int, p3: SharedSessionContractImplementor?) {
    if (p1 == null) {
      p0?.setNull(p2, Types.OTHER)
      return
    }
    try {
      val mapper = ObjectMapper()
      val w = StringWriter()
      mapper.writeValue(w, p1)
      w.flush()
      p0?.setObject(p2, w.toString(), Types.OTHER)
    } catch (ex: java.lang.Exception) {
      throw RuntimeException("Failed to convert Jsonb to String: " + ex.message, ex)
    }
  }
  override fun nullSafeGet(p0: ResultSet?, p1: Array<out String>?, p2: SharedSessionContractImplementor?, p3: Any?): Any {
    val cellContent = p0?.getString(p1?.get(0))
    return try {
      val mapper = ObjectMapper()
      mapper.readValue(cellContent?.toByteArray(charset("UTF-8")), returnedClass())
    } catch (ex: Exception) {
      throw RuntimeException("Failed to convert String to Jsonb: " + ex.message, ex)
    }
  }

  override fun isMutable(): Boolean {
    return true
  }

}

此类类(class)取自此 Stackoverflow question
我的具体类(class):

class JsonType : JsonDataUserType() {
    override fun returnedClass(): Class<Event> {
      return Event::class.java
    }
}

我的 application.yml jpa 休眠属性

jpa.properties.database.database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL95Dialect
jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect: org.myapp.util.CustomPostgreSQLDialect

方法二
Hibernate 属性与 PoJo 类完全相同，不包含自定义映射器。
实体

@Entity
@TypeDef(
  name = "jsonb",
  typeClass = JsonBinaryType::class
)
@Table(name = "entity")
data class MyEntity(
  @Column(nullable = false)
  val id: UUID,
  @Column(nullable = false)
  @Enumerated(value = EnumType.STRING)
  @Column(nullable = false)
  val type: Type,
  @Type(type = "jsonb")
  @Column(columnDefinition = "jsonb")
  @Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
  var event_data: Event
) : SomeEntity<UUID>(), SomeOtherStuff {
  override fun getName(): String {
    return id
  }
}
  
  
enum class Type(val value: String) {
  TYPE1("Type1"),
  TYPE2("Type2")
}

自定义方言(使用休眠类型):

class CustomPostgreSQLDialect : PostgreSQL95Dialect {
  constructor() : super() {
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonNodeBinaryType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonStringType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonBinaryType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonNodeBinaryType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonNodeStringType::class.java.name)
  }
}

请注意，我也尝试过只使用:

this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, "jsonb")

以及在我的实体或它扩展的基础实体中拥有所有这些(就此而言没有变化):

@TypeDefs({
    @TypeDef(name = "string-array", typeClass = StringArrayType.class),
    @TypeDef(name = "int-array", typeClass = IntArrayType.class),
    @TypeDef(name = "json", typeClass = JsonStringType.class),
    @TypeDef(name = "jsonb", typeClass = JsonBinaryType.class),
    @TypeDef(name = "jsonb-node", typeClass = JsonNodeBinaryType.class),
    @TypeDef(name = "json-node", typeClass = JsonNodeStringType.class),
})

我在这两种方法中都做错了什么吗？我无法让它工作，并且不确定是否有任何相关性，JDBC type: No Dialect mapping 之后的数值总是不同的。我添加这个是因为我看到一些 id 与某些类别的错误相关。
你能帮我吗？
谢谢
编辑:
我想提供更多关于 jpa、postgres 和 hibernate 版本的信息。我目前正在处理以下问题:

postgres:10- Alpine

PostgreSQL JDBC 驱动程序 JDBC 4.2 » 42.2.8

org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa:2.2.1.RELEASE

org.hibernate:hibernate-core:5.4.8.Final
其中是否存在任何特定的版本问题？

编辑 2
我一直在尝试成功使用休眠类型(方法 2 如上所述)。我根据 Postgres 版本 (10) 进行了以下更改:

class CustomPostgreSQLDialect : PostgreSQL10Dialect {
  constructor() : super() {
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, StringArrayType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, IntArrayType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonStringType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonBinaryType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonNodeBinaryType::class.java.name)
    this.registerHibernateType(Types.OTHER, JsonNodeStringType::class.java.name)
  }
}

然后在我的实体中我有

@TypeDefs({
        @TypeDef(name = "string-array", typeClass = StringArrayType.class),
        @TypeDef(name = "int-array", typeClass = IntArrayType.class),
        @TypeDef(name = "json", typeClass = JsonStringType.class),
        @TypeDef(name = "jsonb", typeClass = JsonBinaryType.class)
})

和

 @Type(type = "jsonb")
 @Column(columnDefinition = "jsonb")
 @Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
 var event_data: Event

然后我调试了 TypeNames 中的 get 方法，错误来自:

public String get(final int typeCode) throws MappingException {
        final Integer integer = Integer.valueOf( typeCode );
        final String result = defaults.get( integer );
        if ( result == null ) {
            throw new MappingException( "No Dialect mapping for JDBC type: " + typeCode );
        }
        return result;
    }

这就是我得到的:

defaults = {HashMap@12093}  size = 27
     {Integer@12124} -1 -> "text"
     {Integer@12126} 1 -> "char(1)"
     {Integer@12128} -2 -> "bytea"
     {Integer@12130} 2 -> "numeric($p, $s)"
     {Integer@12132} -3 -> "bytea"
     {Integer@12133} -4 -> "bytea"
     {Integer@12134} 4 -> "int4"
     {Integer@12136} -5 -> "int8"
     {Integer@12138} -6 -> "int2"
     {Integer@12140} 5 -> "int2"
     {Integer@12141} -7 -> "bool"
     {Integer@12143} 6 -> "float4"
     {Integer@12145} 7 -> "real"
     {Integer@12147} 8 -> "float8"
     {Integer@12149} -9 -> "nvarchar($l)"
     {Integer@12151} 12 -> "varchar($l)"
     {Integer@12153} -15 -> "nchar($l)"
     {Integer@12155} -16 -> "nvarchar($l)"
     {Integer@12156} 16 -> "boolean"
     {Integer@12158} 2000 -> "json"
     {Integer@12160} 2004 -> "oid"
     {Integer@12162} 2005 -> "text"
     {Integer@12163} 1111 -> "uuid"
     {Integer@12165} 91 -> "date"
     {Integer@12167} 2011 -> "nclob"
     {Integer@12169} 92 -> "time"
     {Integer@12171} 93 -> "timestamp"

找不到 jsonb，当我调试自定义方言时，我得到以下信息:

{Integer@10846} 1111 -> "com.vladmihalcea.hibernate.type.json.JsonStringType"
 key = {Integer@10846} 1111
 value = "com.vladmihalcea.hibernate.type.json.JsonStringType"

这是为什么？为什么我没有得到 jsonb 类型？

Answer 1

我在 pull-request 中提出了我的解决方案

这个想法是将实体更改为:

import com.example.demo.pojo.SamplePojo
import com.vladmihalcea.hibernate.type.json.JsonBinaryType
import com.vladmihalcea.hibernate.type.json.JsonStringType
import org.hibernate.annotations.Type
import org.hibernate.annotations.TypeDef
import org.hibernate.annotations.TypeDefs
import javax.persistence.*

@Entity
@Table(name = "tests")
@TypeDefs(
        TypeDef(name = "json", typeClass = JsonStringType::class),
        TypeDef(name = "jsonb", typeClass = JsonBinaryType::class)
)
data class SampleEntity (
    @Id @GeneratedValue
    val id: Long?,
    val name: String?,

    @Type(type = "jsonb")
    @Column(columnDefinition = "jsonb")
    var data: Map<String, Any>?
) {

    /**
     * Dependently on use-case this can be done differently:
     * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37873995/how-to-create-empty-constructor-for-data-class-in-kotlin-android
     */
    constructor(): this(null, null, null)
}

每个实体都应该有一个默认构造函数或为其所有参数设置默认值

不是保存 POJO，而是另存为 Map<String, Any>类型

由于我们可以完全控制业务逻辑中 POJO 中的内容，因此唯一缺少的部分是将 POJO 转换为 Map 和 Map 转换为 POJO

SamplePojo 实现

data class SamplePojo(
        val payload: String,
        val flag: Boolean
)  {
    constructor(map: Map<String, Any>) : this(map["payload"] as String, map["flag"] as Boolean)

    fun toMap() : Map<String, Any> {
        return mapOf("payload" to payload, "flag" to flag)
    }
}

这是一种解决方法，但它允许我们使用任何深度级别的结构。

附言我注意到你使用 Serializer并重新定义 equals, toString, hashCode .如果使用 data class ，则不需要这个.

更新:

如果您需要比 Map<String, Any> 更灵活的结构，您可以使用 JsonNode . Code example

实体:

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode
import com.vladmihalcea.hibernate.type.json.JsonBinaryType
import com.vladmihalcea.hibernate.type.json.JsonStringType
import org.hibernate.annotations.Type
import org.hibernate.annotations.TypeDef
import org.hibernate.annotations.TypeDefs
import javax.persistence.*

@Entity
@Table(name = "tests")
@TypeDefs(
        TypeDef(name = "json", typeClass = JsonStringType::class),
        TypeDef(name = "jsonb", typeClass = JsonBinaryType::class)
)
data class SampleJsonNodeEntity (
        @Id @GeneratedValue
        val id: Long?,
        val name: String?,

        @Type(type = "jsonb")
        @Column(columnDefinition = "jsonb")
        var data: JsonNode?
) {

    /**
     * Dependently on use-case this can be done differently:
     * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37873995/how-to-create-empty-constructor-for-data-class-in-kotlin-android
     */
    constructor(): this(null, null, null)
}

更改存储库中的实体:

import com.example.demo.entity.SampleJsonNodeEntity
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository

interface SampleJsonNodeRepository: JpaRepository<SampleJsonNodeEntity, Long> {
}

两种方法的测试:

import com.example.demo.DbTestInitializer
import com.example.demo.entity.SampleJsonNodeEntity
import com.example.demo.entity.SampleMapEntity
import com.example.demo.pojo.SamplePojo
import com.fasterxml.jackson.module.kotlin.jacksonObjectMapper
import junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals
import junit.framework.Assert.assertNotNull
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Test
import org.junit.runner.RunWith
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner


@RunWith(SpringRunner::class)
@SpringBootTest
@ContextConfiguration(initializers = [DbTestInitializer::class])
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
class SampleRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    lateinit var sampleMapRepository: SampleMapRepository

    @Autowired
    lateinit var sampleJsonNodeRepository: SampleJsonNodeRepository

    lateinit var dto: SamplePojo
    lateinit var mapEntity: SampleMapEntity
    lateinit var jsonNodeEntity: SampleJsonNodeEntity

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        dto = SamplePojo("Test", true)
        mapEntity = SampleMapEntity(null,
                "POJO1",
                dto.toMap()
        )

        jsonNodeEntity = SampleJsonNodeEntity(null,
            "POJO2",
                jacksonObjectMapper().valueToTree(dto)
        )
    }

    @Test
    fun createMapPojo() {
        val id = sampleMapRepository.save(mapEntity).id!!
        assertNotNull(sampleMapRepository.getOne(id))
        assertEquals(sampleMapRepository.getOne(id).data?.let { SamplePojo(it) }, dto)
    }

    @Test
    fun createJsonNodePojo() {
        val id = sampleJsonNodeRepository.save(jsonNodeEntity).id!!
        assertNotNull(sampleJsonNodeRepository.getOne(id))
        assertEquals(jacksonObjectMapper().treeToValue(sampleJsonNodeRepository.getOne(id).data, SamplePojo::class.java), dto)
    }

}