asp.net-mvc - ASP.Net Core MVC 依赖注入(inject)不起作用

Question

我正在尝试将接口(interface)注入(inject)到我的 HomeController 中，但收到此错误:

InvalidOperationException: Unable to resolve service for type 'Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.IConfiguration' while attempting to activate

我的启动类如下:

public Startup(IApplicationEnvironment appEnv)
{
    var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
        .SetBasePath(appEnv.ApplicationBasePath)
        .AddEnvironmentVariables()
        .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");
    Configuration = builder.Build();
}

public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { get; set; }

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Add framework services.
    services.AddApplicationInsightsTelemetry(Configuration);

    services.AddEntityFramework()
        .AddSqlServer()
        .AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options => options
            .UseSqlServer(Configuration["Data:DefaultConnection:ConnectionString"]));

    services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

    services.AddMvc();
    services.AddSingleton(provider => Configuration);

    // Add application services.
    services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();
    services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();
}

public void Configure(
    IApplicationBuilder app, 
    IHostingEnvironment env, 
    ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    loggerFactory.AddConsole(Configuration.GetSection("Logging"));
    loggerFactory.AddDebug();

    app.UseApplicationInsightsRequestTelemetry();

    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        app.UseBrowserLink();
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();
    }
    else
    {
        app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");

        try
        {
            using (var serviceScope = app.ApplicationServices
                .GetRequiredService<IServiceScopeFactory>()
                .CreateScope())
            {
                serviceScope.ServiceProvider
                        .GetService<ApplicationDbContext>()
                        .Database.Migrate();
            }
        }
        catch { }
    }

    app.UseIISPlatformHandler(options => options.AuthenticationDescriptions.Clear());

    app.UseApplicationInsightsExceptionTelemetry();
    app.UseStaticFiles();
    app.UseIdentity();

    app.UseMvc(routes =>
    {
        routes.MapRoute(
            name: "default",
            template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
    });

    app.Run((async (context) =>
    {
        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Error");
    }));
}

我的 HomeController 构造函数是:

public HomeController(IConfiguration configuration, IEmailSender mailService)
{
    _mailService = mailService;
    _to = configuration["emailAddress.Support"];
}

请告诉我哪里错了。

Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.ServiceLookup.Service.PopulateCallSites(ServiceProvider provider, ISet`1 callSiteChain, ParameterInfo[] parameters, Boolean throwIfCallSiteNotFound)

Answer 1

尝试将其作为 IConfigurationRoot 而不是 IConfiguration 注入(inject):

 public HomeController(IConfigurationRoot configuration
    , IEmailSender mailService)
{
    _mailService = mailService;
    _to = configuration["emailAddress.Support"];
}

在本例中，该行

services.AddSingleton(provider => Configuration);

相当于

services.AddSingleton<IConfigurationRoot>(provider => Configuration);

因为类上的 Configuration 属性是这样声明的，并且注入(inject)将通过匹配它注册的任何类型来完成。我们可以很容易地复制这个，这可能会让它更清楚:

public interface IParent { }

public interface IChild : IParent { }

public class ConfigurationTester : IChild { }

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    // Add framework services.
    services.AddMvc();

    IChild example = new ConfigurationTester();
    services.AddSingleton(provider => example);
}

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    public HomeController(IParent configuration)
    {
        // this will blow up
    }
}

但是

正如stephen.vakil在评论中提到的，最好将配置文件加载到一个类中，然后根据需要将该类注入(inject)到 Controller 中。看起来像这样:

services.Configure<AppSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("AppSettings"));

您可以使用 IOptions 界面获取这些配置:

public HomeController(IOptions<AppSettings> appSettings)