kubernetes - HostPath 将 persistentVolume 分配给集群中的特定工作节点

Question

使用 kubeadm 创建一个集群，我有一个主节点和一个工作节点。

现在我想在工作节点共享一个persistentVolume，它会绑定(bind)Postgres pod。

预计代码会在工作节点的路径/postgres中创建persistentVolume，但似乎hostPath不会在集群中工作, 我应该如何将此属性分配给特定节点？

kind: PersistentVolume
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pv-postgres
  labels:
    type: local
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  hostPath:
    path: "/postgres"
---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pvc-postgres
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: postgres
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: postgres
  replicas: 1
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: postgres
    spec:
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
      hostNetwork: true
      volumes:
      - name: vol-postgres
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: pvc-postgres
      containers:
      - name: postgres
        image: postgres:12
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        env:
        - name: DB_USER
          value: postgres
        - name: DB_PASS
          value: postgres
        - name: DB_NAME
          value: postgres
        ports:
        - name: postgres
          containerPort: 5432
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: "/postgres"
          name: vol-postgres
        livenessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -h
            - localhost
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - pg_isready
            - -h
            - localhost
            - -U
            - postgres
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 1
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: postgres
spec:
  ports:
  - name: postgres
    port: 5432
    targetPort: postgres
  selector:
    app: postgres

Answer 1

根据 docs 。

A hostPath volume mounts a file or directory from the host node’s filesystem into your Pod. This is not something that most Pods will need, but it offers a powerful escape hatch for some applications.

简而言之，hostPath类型是指节点(机器或VM)资源，您将在其中调度pod。这意味着您已经需要在此节点上拥有此文件夹。要将资源分配给指定节点，您必须在 Deployment、PV 中使用 nodeSelector。

根据具体情况，使用 hostPath 并不是最好的主意，但是我将在下面提供示例 YAML，这可能会向您展示概念。基于您的 YAML，但使用 nginx 图像。

kind: PersistentVolume
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pv-postgres
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  hostPath:
    path: "/tmp/postgres" ## this folder need exist on your node. Keep in minds also who have permissions to folder. Used tmp as it have 3x rwx
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
      - matchExpressions:
        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
          operator: In
          values:
          - ubuntu18-kubeadm-worker1    

---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pvc-postgres
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 1Gi
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: postgres
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: postgres
  replicas: 1
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: postgres
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx      
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /home    ## path to folder inside container
          name: vol-postgres
      affinity:               ## specified affinity to schedule all pods on this specific node with name ubuntu18-kubeadm-worker1
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
                operator: In
                values:
                - ubuntu18-kubeadm-worker1  
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
      hostNetwork: true
      volumes:
      - name: vol-postgres
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: pvc-postgres

persistentvolume/pv-postgres created
persistentvolumeclaim/pvc-postgres created
deployment.apps/postgres created

不幸的是，PV 以 1:1 的关系绑定(bind)到 PVC，因此每次都需要创建 PV 和 PVC。

但是，如果您使用的是 hostPath，则在 中指定 nodeAffinity、volumeMounts 和 volumes 就足够了部署 没有PV 和PVC 的YAML。

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: postgres
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: postgres
  replicas: 1
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: postgres
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:latest
        name: nginx      
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /home    
          name: vol-postgres
      affinity:               
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
                operator: In
                values:
                - ubuntu18-kubeadm-worker1  
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
      hostNetwork: true
      volumes:
      - name: vol-postgres
        hostPath:
          path: /tmp/postgres

deployment.apps/postgres created

user@ubuntu18-kubeadm-master:~$ kubectl get pods
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
postgres-77bc9c4566-jgxqq   1/1     Running   0          9s
user@ubuntu18-kubeadm-master:~$ kk exec -ti postgres-77bc9c4566-jgxqq /bin/bash
root@ubuntu18-kubeadm-worker1:/# cd home
root@ubuntu18-kubeadm-worker1:/home# ls
test.txt  txt.txt