java - 为什么我不能直接在测试中 @Autowired 我的服务以及为什么我需要 @Autowired 存储库？

Question

我有一个带有存储库的 Spring Boot 应用程序。

我还使用@Service并扩展其中的存储库。

当我尝试 @Autowired 我拥有的服务时:

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.api.core.service.CountryService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

如果我@Autowired存储库，它就可以正常工作。

我的测试必须如下所示:

@SpringBootTest
@ActiveProfiles("core")
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { UserManagementConfig.class, UserManagementServiceConfig.class })
@UserManagementTx
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class BlogPostContentImplTest {
    @Autowired
    private CountryService countryService;
    @Autowired
    private BlogPostContentRepository blogPostContentRepository;
    private BlogPostContentServiceImpl blogPostContentService;
    private BlogPostContent entity = new BlogPostContent();
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        blogPostContentService = new BlogPostContentServiceImpl(blogPostContentRepository);
        List<Country> countryList = countryService.findAll(null);
        entity = new BlogPostContent();
        entity.setId(1L);
        entity.setDescription("test");
        entity.setCountry(countryList.get(0));
        blogPostContentService.insert(entity);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        blogPostContentService.delete(entity.getId());
    }

    @Test
    public void findAll() throws Exception {
        assertThat(blogPostContentService.findAll(null).size()).isGreaterThan(0);
    }

}

这就是我配置上下文的方式:

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({
        UserManagementConfig.CONTEXT_CLASSPATH
})
public class UserManagementConfig {
    public static final String CONTEXT_CLASSPATH = "com.api.userManagement.config.context.**";
}

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({
        UserManagementServiceConfig.CLASSPATH,
})
public class UserManagementServiceConfig {

    public static final String CLASSPATH = "com.api.userManagement.service.**";

}

Answer 1

根据您发布的代码，您似乎可能需要在测试上下文类之一中对 com.api.core.service.CountryService Bean 进行组件扫描 UserManagementConfig 或 UserManagementServiceConfig

@ComponentScan({
     basePackages = {"com.api.core.service"}
})

<小时/>

要测试应用程序上下文是否加载您的 bean，您可以创建一个 TestContext 类，如下所示

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.api.core.service")
public class TestContext implements CommandLineRunner {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestContext.class, args);
    }
}

在您的测试中配置TestContext，如下所示

@ContextConfiguration(classes = {TestContext.class})