vb.net - 如何找出非托管 dll 的正确参数结构？

Question

我从 VBA 加载了一些旧的 VB 函数，并且大部分内容都更新到了 VB.NET，但是“wininet.dll”中的函数声明似乎不正确匹配。

我遇到的错误是:

Exception Thrown: Managed Debugging Assistant, 'PInvokeStackImbalance':...

总而言之，声明参数的长度需要明确，并且与 dll 中的实际函数不匹配。

我查了一下，我可以通过删除检查来解决，但它会出现“堆栈不平衡”，并最终随着这些调用的进行而随着时间的推移耗尽所有堆栈。此外，这些被称为“非托管”dll，并且一些声明已放在 PInvoke 函数 wiki 上 http://pinvoke.net 。这个 wiki 确实有一些我正在使用的函数调用，但不是全部。其中一些我不得不猜测一些事情，但没有成功。

我从旧代码复制的大部分更改都是从 long 更改为 int32 或 integer，还有一些更改IntPtr，旧代码中从未使用过。我认为这会使所有整数大小正确(即 16/32/64 位)，这可能是大多数问题所在。不过，有一种情况是从 long 更改为 string()，这看起来有点奇怪，并且无法正常编译。

那么，我如何实际查找 dll 中的函数长度并匹配 API？

我查了一些东西，但是当我尝试将对 c:\windows\system32\wininet.dll 的引用添加到 Visual Studio 中的 VB.NET 项目时，它说我无法添加它。这似乎阻止我在 Visual Studio 中使用对象或程序集浏览器。它似乎不是一个 COM 对象。这里有什么帮助吗？

作为引用，这里是失败的旧代码:

Private Declare Function InternetOpen Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetOpenA" ( _
    ByVal Agent As String, ByVal AccessType As Long, ByVal ProxyName As String, _
    ByVal ProxyBypass As String, ByVal Flags As Long) As Long

Private Declare Function InternetConnect Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "InternetConnectA" ( _
    ByVal hInternetSession As Long, ByVal ServerName As String, ByVal ServerPort As Integer, ByVal UserName As String, _
    ByVal Password As String, ByVal Service As Long, ByVal Flags As Long, ByVal Context As Long) As Long

Private Declare Function InternetCloseHandle Lib "wininet.dll" ( _
    ByVal hInet As Long) As Boolean

Private Declare Function InternetReadFile Lib "wininet.dll" ( _
    ByVal hConnect As Long, ByVal Buffer As String, ByVal NumberOfBytesToRead As Long, _
    NumberOfBytesRead As Long) As Boolean

Private Declare Function HttpOpenRequest Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "HttpOpenRequestA" ( _
    ByVal hHttpSession As Long, ByVal Verb As String, ByVal ObjectName As String, ByVal Version As String, _
    ByVal Referer As String, ByVal AcceptTypes As Long, ByVal Flags As Long, Context As Long) As Long

Private Declare Function HttpSendRequest Lib "wininet.dll" Alias "HttpSendRequestA" ( _
    ByVal hHttpRequest As Long, ByVal Headers As String, ByVal HeadersLength As Long, _
    ByVal sOptional As String, ByVal OptionalLength As Long) As Boolean

Answer 1

正如已经noted by Hans Passant您应该使用托管替代方案。

但是要回答您的实际问题:您基本上只需要查看 MSDN 文档文章 Windows Data Types ，并根据类型的声明确定相应的 .NET 类型。

例如，DWORD :

DWORD
A 32-bit unsigned integer. The range is 0 through 4294967295 decimal.

This type is declared in IntSafe.h as follows:

typedef unsigned long DWORD;

在这种情况下，我们可以通过范围 (0 - 4294967295) 或定义 ( unsigned long ) 来确定这应该是无符号 32 位整数 ( UInt32 或 UInteger )。在 C/C++ 中 long与 int 是一样的，这就是为什么它被映射到整数而不是 Long/ULong .

以下是最常见类型的摘要:

(非常感谢 David Heffernan 帮助我纠正一些字符串声明!)

+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
|   Windows Type   |                   .NET equivalent                    |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
| BOOL             | <MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)> Boolean  (vb.net)    |
| BOOL             | [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)] bool     (c#)        |
| BYTE             | Byte   / Byte     (vb.net) / byte  (c#)              |
| CHAR             | Char   / Char     (vb.net) / char  (c#)              |
| DWORD            | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint  (c#)              |
| DWORDLONG        | UInt64 / ULong    (vb.net) / ulong (c#)              |
| DWORD_PTR        | UIntPtr                                              |
| FLOAT            | Single / Single   (vb.net) / float (c#)              |
|                  |                                                      |
| HANDLE           | IntPtr                                               |
| HBITMAP          | IntPtr                                               |
| HCURSOR          | IntPtr                                               |
| HDESK            | IntPtr                                               |
| HDC              | IntPtr                                               |
| HICON            | IntPtr                                               |
| HINSTANCE        | IntPtr                                               |
| HRESULT          | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#)                  |
| HWND             | IntPtr                                               |
|                  |                                                      |
| INT              | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int (c#)                  |
| INT_PTR          | IntPtr                                               |
| INT8             | SByte                                                |
| INT16            | Int16 / Short   (vb.net) / short (c#)                |
| INT32            | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int   (c#)                |
| INT64            | Int64 / Long    (vb.net) / long  (c#)                |
| LONG             | Int32 / Integer (vb.net) / int   (c#)                |
| LONGLONG         | Int64 / Long    (vb.net) / long  (c#)                |
| LONG_PTR         | IntPtr                                               |
| LPARAM           | IntPtr                                               |
|                  |                                                      |
| LPCSTR           | String (Specify CharSet.Ansi in DllImport)           |
| LPCTSTR          | String                                               |
| LPCWSTR          | String (Specify CharSet.Unicode in DllImport)        |
| LPDWORD          | (= DWORD,  declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#))    |
| LPHANDLE         | (= HANDLE, declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#))    |
| LPINT            | IntPtr                                               |
| LPLONG           | IntPtr                                               |
|                  |                                                      |
| LPSTR            | StringBuilder (Specify CharSet.Ansi in DllImport)    |
| LPTSTR           | StringBuilder                                        |
| LPVOID           | IntPtr                                               |
| LPWORD           | (= WORD, declared as ByRef (vb.net) / ref (c#))      |
| LPWSTR           | StringBuilder (Specify CharSet.Unicode in DllImport) |
|                  |                                                      |
| QWORD            | UInt64 / ULong (vb.net) / ulong (c#)                 |
| SHORT            | Int16  / Short (vb.net) / short (c#)                 |
| SIZE_T           | UIntPtr                                              |
| UCHAR            | Byte   / Byte    (vb.net) / byte (c#)                 |
| UINT             | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint  (c#)                 |
| UINT_PTR         | IntPtr                                               |
| UINT8            | Byte   / Byte     (vb.net) / byte   (c#)             |
| UINT16           | UInt16 / UShort   (vb.net) / ushort (c#)             |
| UINT32           | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint    (c#)             |
| UINT64           | UInt64 / ULong    (vb.net) / ulong   (c#)             |
| ULONG            | UInt32 / UInteger (vb.net) / uint    (c#)             |
| ULONGLONG        | UInt64 / ULong    (vb.net) / ulong   (c#)             |
| ULONG_PTR        | UIntPtr                                              |
| USHORT           | UInt16 / UShort   (vb.net) / ushort (c#)             |
| WORD             | UInt16 / UShort   (vb.net) / ushort (c#)             |
+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+