SQL 查询用于在 SQL Server 中生成类似输出查询相关表的矩阵

Question

我有三张 table :
产品

ProductID   ProductName  
1           Cycle  
2           Scooter  
3           Car  

客户

CustomerID  CustomerName  
101         Ronald  
102         Michelle  
103         Armstrong  
104         Schmidt  
105         Peterson   

交易

TID   ProductID CustomerID TranDate   Amount  
10001 1         101        01-Jan-11  25000.00  
10002 2         101        02-Jan-11  98547.52  
10003 1         102        03-Feb-11  15000.00  
10004 3         102        07-Jan-11  36571.85  
10005 2         105        09-Feb-11  82658.23  
10006 2         104        10-Feb-11  54000.25  
10007 3         103        20-Feb-11  80115.50  
10008 3         104        22-Feb-11  45000.65  

我编写了一个查询来对事务进行分组，如下所示:

SELECT P.ProductName AS Product,  
       C.CustName AS Customer,  
       SUM(T.Amount) AS Amount  
FROM   Transactions AS T  
       INNER JOIN Product AS P  
            ON  T.ProductID = P.ProductID  
       INNER JOIN Customer AS C  
            ON  T.CustomerID = C.CustomerID  
WHERE T.TranDate BETWEEN '2011-01-01' AND '2011-03-31'   
GROUP BY  
       P.ProductName,  
       C.CustName  
ORDER BY  
       P.ProductName  

其结果如下:

Product Customer   Amount  
Car     Armstrong  80115.50  
Car     Michelle   36571.85  
Car     Schmidt    45000.65  
Cycle   Michelle   15000.00  
Cycle   Ronald     25000.00  
Scooter Peterson   82658.23  
Scooter Ronald     98547.52  
Scooter Schmidt    54000.25  

我需要这样的矩阵形式的查询结果:

Customer  |------------ Amounts ---------------         
Name      |Car      Cycle     Scooter  Totals
Armstrong  80115.50 0.00      0.00     80115.50  
Michelle   36571.85 15000.00  0.00     51571.85  
Ronald     0.00     25000.00  98547.52 123547.52  
Peterson   0.00     0.00      82658.23 82658.23  
Schmidt    45000.65 0.00      54000.25 99000.90  

请帮助我在 SQL Server 2005 中实现上述结果。使用多个 View 甚至临时表对我来说都很好。

Answer 1

您可以使用 SQL Server 的 PIVOT运算符

SELECT  *
FROM    (
          SELECT  P.ProductName
                  , C.CustName
                  , T.Amount
          FROM    Transactions AS T  
                  INNER JOIN Product AS P ON  T.ProductID = P.ProductID  
                  INNER JOIN Customer AS C ON  T.CustomerID = C.CustomerID  
          WHERE   T.TranDate BETWEEN '2011-01-01' AND '2011-03-31'   
        ) s
PIVOT   (SUM(Amount) FOR ProductName IN ([Car], [Cycle], [Scooter])) pvt

测试数据

;WITH q AS (
  SELECT  [Product] = 'Car', [Customer] = 'Armstrong', [Amount] = 80115.50
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Car', 'Michelle', 36571.85  
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Car', 'Schmidt', 45000.65  
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Cycle', 'Michelle', 15000.00  
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Cycle', 'Ronald', 25000.00  
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Scooter', 'Peterson', 82658.23  
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Scooter', 'Ronald', 98547.52  
  UNION ALL SELECT 'Scooter', 'Schmidt', 54000.25  
)
SELECT  Customer
        , Car = ISNULL(Car, 0)
        , Cycle = ISNULL(Cycle, 0)
        , Scooter = ISNULL(Scooter, 0)
        , Total = ISNULL(Car, 0) + ISNULL(Cycle, 0) + ISNULL(Scooter, 0)
FROM    (
          SELECT  *
          FROM    q
        ) s
PIVOT   (SUM(Amount) FOR Product IN ([Car], [Cycle], [Scooter])) pvt

输出

Customer   Car       Cycle     Scooter   Total
Armstrong  80115.50  0.00      0.00      80115.50
Michelle   36571.85  15000.00  0.00      51571.85
Peterson   0.00      0.00      82658.23  82658.23
Ronald     0.00      25000.00  98547.52  123547.52
Schmidt    45000.65  0.00      54000.25  99000.90