gcc - 如何使用静态库编译我的应用程序？

Question

我目前正在尝试使用 reactphysics3d 库来制作简单的粒子碰撞模拟器。 https://www.reactphysics3d.com/

我试图用静态库编译我的 c++ 文件，但编译不好。目录结构是这样的。

ParticleSimulation
 |
 |-- test.cpp
 |    
 |-- lib  
 |   |-- libreactphysics3d.a
 |    
 |-- reactphysics3d
 |   |-- src
 |       |-- reactphysics3d.h

我的测试代码是

#include "reactphysics3d.h"

using namespace reactphysics3d;

int main() {
    rp3d::SphereShape * sphereShape = new SphereShape(1.0);
    delete sphereShape;
}

我试图编译

gcc -std=c++11 -Ireactphysics3d/src -Llib -lreactphysics3d -o myapp test.cpp ./lib/libreactphysics3d.a

整个错误信息太长，这里不能贴(超过 30000 个字符超过 Stackoverflow 单个帖子的限制)。消息的第一行是

    Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "std::__1::__basic_string_common<true>::__throw_length_error() const", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_stringbuf<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::str() const in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "std::__1::locale::use_facet(std::__1::locale::id&) const", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::ConcaveMeshShape::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "std::__1::ios_base::getloc() const", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::ConcaveMeshShape::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "std::runtime_error::runtime_error(char const*)", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::init() in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      ...
  "std::runtime_error::~runtime_error()", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::init() in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      ...
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::__init(char const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::basic_string<std::nullptr_t>(char const*) in test-db2b03.o
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::append(char const*)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > std::__1::operator+<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >&&, char const*) in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::FixedJoint::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Vector3::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Quaternion::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::HingeJoint::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Vector3::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Quaternion::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      ...
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::append(char const*, unsigned long)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::append(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&) in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::FixedJoint::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Vector3::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Quaternion::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::HingeJoint::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Vector3::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Quaternion::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      ...
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::insert(unsigned long, char const*)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > std::__1::operator+<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >(char const*, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >&&) in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::FixedJoint::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Vector3::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Quaternion::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::HingeJoint::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Vector3::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Quaternion::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      ...
  "std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::resize(unsigned long, char)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_stringbuf<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::overflow(int) in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)

最后几行是

      non-virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_stringstream() in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_stringstream() in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_stringstream() in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      non-virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_stringstream() in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_stringstream() in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      ...
  "std::__1::to_string(float)", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::SphereShape::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::CapsuleShape::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::SliderJoint::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::HingeJoint::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::Vector3::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::Quaternion::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::Vector3::to_string() const in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      ...
  "std::terminate()", referenced from:
      ___clang_call_terminate in test-db2b03.o
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(TriangleShape.cpp.o)
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(BoxShape.cpp.o)
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(DynamicAABBTree.cpp.o)
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(mathematics_functions.cpp.o)
      ...
  "typeinfo for std::__1::basic_istream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_istream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "typeinfo for std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "typeinfo for std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      typeinfo for std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "typeinfo for std::__1::basic_streambuf<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >", referenced from:
      typeinfo for std::__1::basic_stringbuf<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "typeinfo for std::runtime_error", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::init() in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      ...
  "vtable for __cxxabiv1::__class_type_info", referenced from:
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::DynamicAABBTreeOverlapCallback in test-db2b03.o
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::Joint in test-db2b03.o
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::Joint in libreactphysics3d.a(FixedJoint.cpp.o)
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::Joint in libreactphysics3d.a(HingeJoint.cpp.o)
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::Joint in libreactphysics3d.a(SliderJoint.cpp.o)
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::Joint in libreactphysics3d.a(BallAndSocketJoint.cpp.o)
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::CollisionShape in libreactphysics3d.a(CollisionShape.cpp.o)
      ...
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "vtable for __cxxabiv1::__si_class_type_info", referenced from:
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::ConvexShape in test-db2b03.o
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::ConvexPolyhedronShape in test-db2b03.o
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::BoxShape in test-db2b03.o
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::SphereShape in test-db2b03.o
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::CapsuleShape in test-db2b03.o
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::TriangleShape in test-db2b03.o
      typeinfo for reactphysics3d::ConcaveShape in test-db2b03.o
      ...
  NOTE: a missing vtable usually means the first non-inline virtual member function has no definition.
  "non-virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::~basic_iostream()", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "non-virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::~basic_iostream()", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_istream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::~basic_istream()", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_istream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_istream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::~basic_istream()", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_istream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::~basic_ostream()", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::~basic_ostream()", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::~basic_iostream()", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "virtual thunk to std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >::~basic_iostream()", referenced from:
      construction vtable for std::__1::basic_iostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >-in-std::__1::basic_stringstream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "operator delete[](void*)", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::TriangleVertexArray::~TriangleVertexArray() in libreactphysics3d.a(TriangleVertexArray.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::TriangleVertexArray::~TriangleVertexArray() in libreactphysics3d.a(TriangleVertexArray.cpp.o)
  "operator delete(void*)", referenced from:
      _main in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::BoxShape::~BoxShape() in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::SphereShape::~SphereShape() in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::CapsuleShape::~CapsuleShape() in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::TriangleShape::~TriangleShape() in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::ConvexTriangleAABBOverlapCallback::~ConvexTriangleAABBOverlapCallback() in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::BallAndSocketJoint::~BallAndSocketJoint() in test-db2b03.o
      ...
  "operator new[](unsigned long)", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::TriangleVertexArray::computeVerticesNormals() in libreactphysics3d.a(TriangleVertexArray.cpp.o)
  "operator new(unsigned long)", referenced from:
      _main in test-db2b03.o
      std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> > std::__1::__pad_and_output<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::ostreambuf_iterator<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >, char const*, char const*, char const*, std::__1::ios_base&, char) in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      std::__1::basic_stringbuf<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::str() const in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
  "___cxa_allocate_exception", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::init() in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      ...
  "___cxa_begin_catch", referenced from:
      ___clang_call_terminate in test-db2b03.o
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(TriangleShape.cpp.o)
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      std::__1::basic_stringbuf<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::overflow(int) in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face* std::__1::uninitialized_copy<reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*>(reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*) in libreactphysics3d.a(BoxShape.cpp.o)
      ___clang_call_terminate in libreactphysics3d.a(BoxShape.cpp.o)
      ...
  "___cxa_end_catch", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_stringbuf<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::overflow(int) in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >& std::__1::__put_character_sequence<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, unsigned long) in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveMeshShape.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face* std::__1::uninitialized_copy<reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*>(reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*) in libreactphysics3d.a(BoxShape.cpp.o)
  "___cxa_free_exception", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::init() in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      ...
  "___cxa_pure_virtual", referenced from:
      vtable for reactphysics3d::ConvexShape in test-db2b03.o
      vtable for reactphysics3d::ConvexPolyhedronShape in test-db2b03.o
      vtable for reactphysics3d::ConcaveShape in test-db2b03.o
      vtable for reactphysics3d::CollisionShape in libreactphysics3d.a(CollisionShape.cpp.o)
      vtable for reactphysics3d::ConvexShape in libreactphysics3d.a(ConvexShape.cpp.o)
      vtable for reactphysics3d::ConcaveShape in libreactphysics3d.a(ConcaveShape.cpp.o)
      vtable for reactphysics3d::ConvexPolyhedronShape in libreactphysics3d.a(ConvexPolyhedronShape.cpp.o)
      ...
  "___cxa_rethrow", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face* std::__1::uninitialized_copy<reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*>(reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Face*) in libreactphysics3d.a(BoxShape.cpp.o)
  "___cxa_throw", referenced from:
      reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::init() in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::HalfEdgeStructure::Edge> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int> const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::add(reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> > const&, bool) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, unsigned int>::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      reactphysics3d::Map<reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>, reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> >::operator[](reactphysics3d::Pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> const&) in libreactphysics3d.a(HalfEdgeStructure.cpp.o)
      ...
  "___gxx_personality_v0", referenced from:
      _main in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::BoxShape::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::SphereShape::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::CapsuleShape::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::TriangleShape::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::BallAndSocketJoint::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      reactphysics3d::SliderJoint::to_string() const in test-db2b03.o
      ...
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

我对使用 gcc/g++ 编译器编译 c/c++ 项目感到非常不舒服。
你能帮我解决问题吗？
谢谢你。

Answer 1

您的命令行中有两个错误:

gcc -std=c++11 -Ireactphysics3d/src -Llib -lreactphysics3d -o myapp test.cpp ./lib/libreactphysics3d.a

其中之一负责您实际发布的所有未定义的引用链接错误
(尽管可能不对我们看不到的其他链接错误负责)。

这个错误是你试图链接一个包含已编译 C++ 的应用程序，使用
GCC C 前端 ( gcc )，而不是 C++ 前端 ( g++ )。

编译后的 C++ 通常会引用标准 C++ 库中定义的符号。
你的就是这样。因此，您的程序必须与标准 C++ 库链接。 g++添加了
标准C库和标准C++库自动联动。 gcc仅添加
标准 C 库。这就是两个前端之间的区别。所以你的联系
失败，因为对标准 C++ 库定义的符号的引用未解析。到
修复此问题，替换 gcc与 g++在你的命令行中。

另一个错误——尽管在这种情况下是无害的——是命令行:

g++ -std=c++11 -Ireactphysics3d/src -Llib -lreactphysics3d -o myapp test.cpp

将是 Your linkage consumes libraries before the object files that refer to them 的示例,
这是 undefined reference 的链接失败的另一个常规原因。

库必须出现在依赖于它们的文件之后的链接序列中。

您的链接没有显示其他未定义引用错误的唯一原因
score 是在你的实际命令行中，放置 -lreactphysics3d首先在
链接序列，如果它没有效果，然后再次将相同的库添加到链接中
序列，按名称 - ./lib/libreactphysics3d.a - 在依赖它的文件之后，在哪里
这是有效的。要摆脱这种冗余，请使用更传统的方法:

g++ -std=c++11 -Ireactphysics3d/src -o myapp test.cpp -Llib -lreactphysics3d

或更传统的:

g++ -std=c++11 -Ireactphysics3d/src -o myapp test.cpp ./lib/libreactphysics3d.a