java - Spring Controller 测试依赖项失败

Question

我有以下 Controller 类:

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    private final HelloService service;

    public HelloController(HelloService service) {
        this.service = service;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public @ResponseBody String greeting() {
        return service.greet();
    }

}

如您所见，它接受依赖项。这一切在服务器上运行良好。然而，在测试时，却失败了:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(HelloController.class)
public class WebLayerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnDefaultMessage() throws Exception {
    this.mockMvc.perform(get("/hello")).andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(containsString("Hello World")));
    }
}

下面是 target/surefire-reports/中日志文件的输出

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Test set: biz.martyn.footy.WebLayerTest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 2.278 s <<< FAILURE! - in biz.martyn.footy.WebLayerTest
shouldReturnDefaultMessage(biz.martyn.footy.WebLayerTest)  Time elapsed: 0.005 s  <<< ERROR!
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'helloController' defined in file [/home/martyn/eclipse-workspace/Footy/target/classes/biz/martyn/footy/controller/HelloController.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'biz.martyn.footy.service.HelloService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'biz.martyn.footy.service.HelloService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}

我知道 @MockBean 允许我创建依赖项的模拟，但是如果我不想模拟它呢？在这里，我很高兴真正的依赖实例能够正常使用。或者，是否因为我只测试 Web 层，所以它没有像运行完整应用程序时那样实例化 Controller ？

更新

我还尝试了@Autowired注入(inject)而不是构造函数。我的应用程序可以工作，因此依赖项被带入 Controller 中，但测试失败。以下是更新后的 Controller :

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @Autowired
    private HelloService service;

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public @ResponseBody String greeting() {
        return service.greet();
    }

}

Answer 1

@WebMvcTest 将禁用完全自动配置，而仅应用与 MVC 测试相关的配置(即 @Controller、@ControllerAdvice、@JsonComponent、Converter/GenericConverter、Filter、WebMvcConfigurer 和 HandlerMethodArgumentResolver bean，但不是 @Component、@Service 或 @Repository beans，因此您必须使用 @MockBean 来满足依赖关系。