c++ - fsanitize=undefined 导致链接器错误

Question

我正在尝试使用 conda g++ 编译器使用 -fsanitize=undefined 编译程序。我遇到了“__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch”链接器错误。我在编译和链接中使用了标志，如下所示:

Using GCC Undefined Behavior Sanitizer

包括在链接末尾添加 -lubsan 并编译我知道不推荐但我没有成功的命令。我还确保我的 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 是空的，这样就不会出现任何问题。
下面是一个最小的示例问题，包括我的 python 环境的配置
车辆.h

#include<string>
#include<memory>

#ifndef VEHICLES
#define VEHICLES

class vehicle{

    public:
        vehicle( );

        std::shared_ptr< vehicle > buildVehicle( const std::string & _type );

    protected:

        std::string type;

        unsigned int wheel_count;

};

class truck : public vehicle{

    public:
        truck( );

};

#endif

车辆.cpp

#include "vehicles.h"

vehicle::vehicle( ){

    return;
}

std::shared_ptr< vehicle > vehicle::buildVehicle( const std::string &_type ){

    if ( _type.compare( "truck" ) ){

        return std::make_shared< vehicle >( );

    }

    return NULL;

}

truck::truck( ){

    type = "truck";
    wheel_count = 4;

}

测试.cpp

#include "vehicles.h"
#include<iostream>

int main( ){

    //Build a truck
    std::shared_ptr< vehicle > truck = vehicle( ).buildVehicle( "truck" );

    std::cout << "Built a truck\n";

}

生成文件

EXECUTABLE = eval
OBJECTS = test.o vehicles.o
INCS = -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include
LIBS = -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib
FLAGS = -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr

eval: $(OBJECTS)
        $(CXX) $(INCS) $(LIBS) -o $@ $^ $(FLAGS)

test.o: test.cpp vehicles.h
        $(CXX) $(INCS) $(LIBS) -c $< $(FLAGS)

vehicles.o: vehicles.cpp vehicles.h
        $(CXX) $(INCS) $(LIBS) -c $< $(FLAGS)

clean:
        rm -f $(EXECUTABLE)
        rm -f $(OBJECTS)

.PHONY: all clean

我的 conda 环境 YAML 文件是:

name: compile
channels:
  - anaconda
  - conda-forge
  - defaults
dependencies:
  - _libgcc_mutex=0.1=conda_forge
  - _openmp_mutex=4.5=1_gnu
  - binutils=2.32=he1b5a44_3
  - binutils_impl_linux-64=2.31.1=h7fc9f1b_5
  - binutils_linux-64=2.31.1=h6176602_9
  - bzip2=1.0.8=h516909a_3
  - c-ares=1.16.1=h516909a_3
  - c-compiler=1.1.1=h516909a_0
  - ca-certificates=2020.6.20=hecda079_0
  - certifi=2020.6.20=py38h32f6830_0
  - cmake=3.18.2=h5c55442_0
  - cxx-compiler=1.1.1=hc9558a2_0
  - expat=2.2.9=he1b5a44_2
  - gcc_impl_linux-64=7.3.0=habb00fd_1
  - gcc_linux-64=7.3.0=h553295d_9
  - gxx_impl_linux-64=7.3.0=hdf63c60_1
  - gxx_linux-64=7.3.0=h553295d_9
  - hdf5=1.12.0=nompi_h54c07f9_101
  - icu=67.1=he1b5a44_0
  - jpeg=9d=h516909a_0
  - krb5=1.17.1=hfafb76e_3
  - ld_impl_linux-64=2.34=h53a641e_7
  - libcurl=7.71.1=hcdd3856_5
  - libedit=3.1.20191231=he28a2e2_2
  - libev=4.33=h516909a_1
  - libffi=3.2.1=he1b5a44_1007
  - libgcc-ng=9.3.0=h24d8f2e_16
  - libgfortran-ng=7.5.0=hdf63c60_16
  - libgomp=9.3.0=h24d8f2e_16
  - libiconv=1.16=h516909a_0
  - libnghttp2=1.41.0=h8cfc5f6_2
  - libssh2=1.9.0=hab1572f_5
  - libstdcxx-ng=9.3.0=hdf63c60_16
  - libtiff=4.1.0=h2733197_1
  - libuv=1.39.0=h516909a_0
  - libxml2=2.9.10=h68273f3_2
  - lz4-c=1.9.2=he1b5a44_3
  - ncurses=6.2=he1b5a44_1
  - openssl=1.1.1g=h516909a_1
  - pcre=8.44=he1b5a44_0
  - pip=20.2.3=py_0
  - python=3.8.5=h1103e12_7_cpython
  - python_abi=3.8=1_cp38
  - readline=8.0=he28a2e2_2
  - rhash=1.3.6=h14c3975_1001
  - setuptools=49.6.0=py38h32f6830_0
  - sqlite=3.33.0=h4cf870e_0
  - swig=4.0.2=he1b5a44_0
  - tk=8.6.10=hed695b0_0
  - wheel=0.35.1=pyh9f0ad1d_0
  - xz=5.2.5=h516909a_1
  - zlib=1.2.11=h516909a_1009
  - zstd=1.4.4=h6597ccf_3
prefix: /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile

make的结果是:

/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -c test.cpp -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -c vehicles.cpp -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -o eval test.o vehicles.o -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_single(int*, int)':
test.cpp:(.text+0xa8): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x10d): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x158): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `main':
test.cpp:(.text+0x2d4): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `vehicle::~vehicle()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7vehicleD2Ev[_ZN7vehicleD5Ev]+0x2f): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o:test.cpp:(.text._ZN7vehicleD2Ev[_ZN7vehicleD5Ev]+0x5c): more undefined references to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch' follow
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
makefile:8: recipe for target 'eval' failed
make: *** [eval] Error 1

编辑 : 使用详细链接器重新运行

/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -c test.cpp -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -c vehicles.cpp -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++ -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/include -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -v -o eval test.o vehicles.o -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize=vptr
Reading specs from /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/specs
COLLECT_GCC=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu-c++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu
Configured with: /home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/src/gcc/configure --build=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-build_pc-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu --prefix=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/gcc_built --with-sysroot=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/gcc_built/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --with-pkgversion='crosstool-NG 1.23.0.449-a04d0' --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libmudflap --enable-libgomp --disable-libssp --enable-libquadmath --enable-libquadmath-support --enable-libsanitizer --enable-libmpx --with-gmp=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/buildtools --with-mpfr=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/buildtools --with-mpc=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/buildtools --with-isl=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/.build/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/buildtools --enable-lto --enable-threads=posix --enable-target-optspace --enable-plugin --enable-gold --disable-nls --disable-multilib --with-local-prefix=/home/rdonnelly/mc/conda-bld/compilers_linux-64_1534865402226/work/gcc_built/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot --enable-long-long --enable-default-pie
Thread model: posix
gcc version 7.3.0 (crosstool-NG 1.23.0.449-a04d0) 
COMPILER_PATH=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/
LIBRARY_PATH=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib/../lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib/../lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib/:/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-I' '.' '-I' '/home/nathan/anaconda3/include' '-L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib' '-v' '-o' 'eval' '-fsanitize=address' '-fsanitize=undefined' '-fno-sanitize=vptr' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/collect2 -plugin /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../libexec/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccaD6hAv.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc --sysroot=/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -o eval /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib/Scrt1.o /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/crtbeginS.o -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0 -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib/../lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib/../lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib -rpath /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/lib /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/lib/../lib/libasan_preinit.o -lasan test.o vehicles.o -lstdc++ -lm -lubsan -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/crtendS.o /home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_single(int*, int)':
test.cpp:(.text+0xa8): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x10d): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.cpp:(.text+0x158): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `main':
test.cpp:(.text+0x2d4): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o: in function `vehicle::~vehicle()':
test.cpp:(.text._ZN7vehicleD2Ev[_ZN7vehicleD5Ev]+0x2f): undefined reference to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch'
/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/7.3.0/../../../../x86_64-conda_cos6-linux-gnu/bin/ld: test.o:test.cpp:(.text._ZN7vehicleD2Ev[_ZN7vehicleD5Ev]+0x5c): more undefined references to `__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch' follow
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
makefile:8: recipe for target 'eval' failed
make: *** [eval] Error 1

Answer 1

可能存在一些问题。
channel 混音
共享对象中缺少引用是混合来自不同 channel 的包构建的典型症状。这是因为不同的 channel 使用不同的构建堆栈，因此符号在这些堆栈下编译的共享对象中可能具有不同的名称。
尝试从单一 channel 采购尽可能多的软件包。由于大多数人经常需要至少一个仅在 上的软件包。 conda 锻造 ，最通用的解决方案是给 conda 锻造 创建环境时的优先级，即尝试

channels:
  - conda-forge
  - defaults

在 YAML 中(注意 anaconda 是 默认值 的子集，因此不需要)。
不一致的标志
目前， INCS和 LIBS环境变量设置为指向 基地 环境。这也可能导致 channel 混合问题，因为 基地 通常由来自 的软件包构建所主导默认值 channel 。
相反，这些变量指向 会更有意义。编译环境。

INCS = -I. -I/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/include
LIBS = -L/home/nathan/anaconda3/envs/compile/lib

覆盖环境标志
Conda 构建堆栈来自安装元包，如 cxx-compiler包括带有自动操作编译器和链接器环境变量的激活脚本的包。例如，检查 anaconda3/envs/compile/etc/conda/activate.d/ .也就是说，环境可能已经有一个默认配置，该配置在激活时正确配置了 header 和运行时依赖项的路径。
通过设置 INCS 可能会被覆盖或干扰。和/或 LIBS ，因此完全省略此类手动规范可能就足够了。