c++ - 如果字段中的字符数不同，则输出时分隔符会丢失

Question

我在格式化方面有问题。我的程序收集有关学生的信息，然后它应该输出用户输入的信息。
结论应该精确地出现在这些列中(我指的是表格和“||”)。
问题在于，对于不同大小的字段，这些分隔符“||”为我迷路了，总的来说，这看起来很难看。可以做些什么，以使所有内容都显示精美。即使某些字段中的字符数不匹配？

我将如何在Pascal上解决此问题，例如:

write(first.surname:8:6);

输出:

Information you entered >                                                                                                        

 Surname <      Trump                           ||              Obama                                                         |  
|                                                                                                                                
 Group <        rz-1                            ||              rpds-5                                                        |  
|                                                                                                                                
 Course <       2                               ||              3                                                             |  
|                                                                                                                                
 Physics <      3                               ||              4                                                             |  
|                                                                                                                                
 Programming <  5                               ||              4                                                             |  
|                                                                                                                                
 Math <         3                               ||              3                                                             |  
|                                                                                                                                
 Name<  Donald                          ||              Barack                                                                |  
|                                                                                                                                
 Patronymic <   Donalldd                                ||              Bakkaa                                                |  
|                                                                                                                                
 Average <      3.66667                         ||              3.66667                                                       |  
| 

码:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
float sr_mark;
struct student
{
        char surname[21];
        char group[21];
        int course;
        int physics;
        int programming;
        int math;
        float mark;
        // Student Information
        char WorkersName[21]; // student name
        char JobTitle[21]; // middle name of student
};
 int main()
{
        setlocale(0, "");
    sr_mark = 0;
    cout << "\n";
        student first;
        cout << "\t" << "Enter information about the first student < " << endl;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter surname > ";
        cin >> first.surname;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter group > ";
        cin >> first.group;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter course > ";
        cin >> first.course;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter physics grade > ";
        cin >> first.physics;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter a programming grade > ";
        cin >> first.programming;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter math grade > ";
        cin >> first.math;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter student name > ";
    cin >> first.WorkersName;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter the middle name of the student > ";
    cin >> first.JobTitle;
    cout << "\n";
    sr_mark += first.math;
    sr_mark += first.programming;
    sr_mark += first.physics;
    sr_mark /= 3;
    first.mark = sr_mark;
    sr_mark = 0;

    cout << "\n";
        cout << "\t" << "Enter data about the second student < " << endl;
    cout << "\n";
        student *second = new student;
    cout << " Enter surname > ";
        cin >> second -> surname;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter group > ";
        cin >> second -> group;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter course > ";
        cin >> second -> course;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter physics grade > ";
        cin >> second -> physics;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter a programming grade > ";
        cin >> second -> programming;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter math grade > ";
        cin >> second -> math;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter student name > ";
        cin >> second -> WorkersName;
    cout << "\n";
    cout << " Enter the middle name of the student > ";
        cin >> second -> JobTitle;
    cout << "\n";
    sr_mark += second -> math;
    sr_mark += second -> programming;
    sr_mark += second -> physics;
    sr_mark /= 3;
    second -> mark = sr_mark;
    sr_mark = 0;

    cout << "\n";
    cout << "Information you entered >" << endl;
    cout << "\n";
        cout << " Surname < " << "\t" <<first.surname << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t" << second -> surname << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";
    cout << " Group < " << "\t" <<first.group << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" <<"\t\t" << second -> group << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";
    cout << " Course < " << "\t" <<first.course << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" <<"\t\t" << second -> course << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";
    cout << " Physics < " << "\t" <<first.physics << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" <<"\t\t" << second -> physics << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";
    cout << " Programming < " << "\t" <<first.programming << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" <<"\t\t" << second -> programming << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";
    cout << " Math < " << "\t" <<first.math << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" <<"\t\t" << second -> math << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";
    cout << " Name<" << "\t" <<first.WorkersName << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" <<"\t\t" << second -> WorkersName << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";
    cout << " Patronymic < " << "\t" <<first.JobTitle << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" <<"\t\t" << second -> JobTitle << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";
    cout << " Average < " << "\t" <<first.mark << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" <<"\t\t" << second -> mark << "\t\t\t\t" << "||" << "\t\t\n";

    system("pause");
}

Answer 1

这是一项复杂的任务，没有神奇的解决方案:您需要测量字段的大小(以字符为单位)，然后相应地添加空格，依此类推。
更不用说您可能遇到的utf-8问题(以字节为单位的字符串大小可能与以字符为单位的大小不同)。

您可以使用std::setw()，但不能解决所有问题。

您最好使用一个库。
如果您有C++ 17，tabulate似乎是一个很好的解决方案。
可能会过分满足您的要求？

(免责声明:我自己没有使用过。)