java - 在 Java Spring 应用程序中找不到包

Question

我正在学习有关如何在 Spring 中运行集成测试的教程，但我已经遇到了一些困难。我所有的导入都说该包不存在。我尝试从 Gradle 切换到 Maven，但仍然不起作用。

这是我尝试运行应用程序时终端的样子:

    src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:6: error: package org.openqa.selenium does not exist
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
                          ^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:7: error: package org.openqa.selenium does not exist
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
                          ^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:8: error: package org.openqa.selenium does not exist
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
                          ^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:9: error: package org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation does not exist
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
                                                   ^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:10: error: package org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation does not exist
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
                                                   ^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:11: error: package org.springframework.test.context does not exist
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
                                       ^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:12: error: package org.springframework.test.context.junit4 does not exist
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
                                              ^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:14: error: cannot find symbol
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
                          ^
  symbol:   class Matchers
  location: package org.hamcrest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:14: error: static import only from classes and interfaces
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:15: error: cannot find symbol
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
                          ^
  symbol:   class Matchers
  location: package org.hamcrest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:15: error: static import only from classes and interfaces
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
^
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:18: error: cannot find symbol
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { ApplicationConfig.class })
 ^
  symbol: class ContextConfiguration
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:19: error: cannot find symbol
@WebAppConfiguration
 ^
  symbol: class WebAppConfiguration
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:23: error: cannot find symbol
    private WebApplicationContext wac;
            ^
  symbol:   class WebApplicationContext
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:25: error: cannot find symbol
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
            ^
  symbol:   class MockMvc
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:17: error: cannot find symbol
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
         ^
  symbol: class SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:18: error: cannot find symbol
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { ApplicationConfig.class })
                                  ^
  symbol: class ApplicationConfig
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:22: error: cannot find symbol
    @Autowired
     ^
  symbol:   class Autowired
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:26: error: cannot find symbol
    @Before
     ^
  symbol:   class Before
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:28: error: cannot find symbol
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
                       ^
  symbol:   variable MockMvcBuilders
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:33: error: cannot find symbol
        ServletContext servletContext = wac.getServletContext();
        ^
  symbol:   class ServletContext
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:36: error: cannot find symbol
        Assert.assertTrue(servletContext instanceof MockServletContext);
                                                    ^
  symbol:   class MockServletContext
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:43: error: cannot find symbol
          .perform(get("/hello"))
                   ^
  symbol:   method get(String)
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:44: error: cannot find symbol
          .andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
                 ^
  symbol:   method print()
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:44: error: cannot find symbol
          .andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
                                    ^
  symbol:   method status()
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:45: error: cannot find symbol
          .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"))
                     ^
  symbol:   method content()
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:46: error: cannot find symbol
          .andExpect(jsonPath("$.manufacturer").value("Nissan"))
                     ^
  symbol:   method jsonPath(String)
  location: class CarTest
src/main/java/cars/CarTest.java:47: error: cannot find symbol
          .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("GT"));
                     ^
  symbol:   method jsonPath(String)
  location: class CarTest

正如你所看到的，一切都没有找到，作为一个初学者，这让我发疯。我知道我可能犯了一个小错误，但我真的很感激一些帮助，谢谢。

下面是我的集成测试文件:

    package cars;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { ApplicationConfig.class })
@WebAppConfiguration
public class CarTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void givenWac_whenServletContext_thenItProvidesGreetController() {
        ServletContext servletContext = wac.getServletContext();

        Assert.assertNotNull(servletContext);
        Assert.assertTrue(servletContext instanceof MockServletContext);
        Assert.assertNotNull(wac.getBean("carController"));
    }

    @Test
    public void checkHelloResponse() throws Exception {
        this.mockMvc
          .perform(get("/hello"))
          .andDo(print()).andExpect(status().isOk())
          .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"))
          .andExpect(jsonPath("$.manufacturer").value("Nissan"))
          .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("GT"));
    }
}

最后是 pom.xml，文件:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>gs-spring-boot</artifactId>
    <version>0.1.0</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.2.RELEASE</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
            <version>1.3</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

Answer 1

我猜你的 pom.xml 都搞砸了。

我将尝试根据您的使用情况添加示例 jar，如下所示

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-all</artifactId>
            <version>1.3</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

请更改groupId artifactId根据您的项目包

我还注意到你的CarTest类有包cars所以我猜你的项目包也搞砸了。

在这种情况下，我建议尝试从 here 构建一个项目