java - 如何在设置约束的情况下将按钮的背景设置为随机颜色？

Question

我有一个函数，可以将所有按钮的背景颜色设置为红色，目前它的工作原理如下，但是，我想做的是将其设置为带有设置约束的随机颜色，这些是可以从中选取的随机颜色的最大数量，以及分配给每个按钮的相同颜色的最大数量。

例如，如果随机颜色的最大数量为 8，相同颜色的最大数量为 2，则只会选择 8 个随机颜色，并且相同的颜色将仅分配给 2 个按钮。

这是我正在创建的配对游戏。我已经创建了一个函数，该函数在单击所有按钮时为所有按钮设置随机颜色，但是，这没有我之前讨论的约束。

Answer 1

这是错误的:

for (int i = 0; i < arrayButtons.length; i++) {
    arrayButtons[i].setDrawColor(new Color(rand.nextInt()));
}

您需要创建一半的随机颜色和颜色 2 按钮，然后对数组进行洗牌。我会使用 ArrayList——更容易洗牌和添加内容。所以假设 List<ColorButton>称为按钮列表:

for (int i = 0; i < buttonList.size() / 2; i++) {
    Color color = new Color(rand.nextInt();
    buttonList.get(2 * i).setDrawColor(color));
    buttonList.get(2 * i + 1).setDrawColor(color));
}
Collections.shuffle(buttonList);

或者如果必须使用数组，则会打乱数组:

for (int i = 0; i < arrayButtons.length / 2; i++) {
    Color color = new Color(rand.nextInt();
    arrayButtons[2 * i].setDrawColor(color));
    arrayButtons[2 * i + 1].setDrawColor(color));
}
// shuffle your array here

<小时/>

编辑:我改变了主意。最容易创建List<Color> ，用 8 对不同的颜色填充它，将其洗牌，然后将颜色添加到按钮。如果您希望所有颜色都明亮，请使用 Color 的 .getHSBColor(...) 来使用 8 种不同色调的颜色，而不是随机颜色。方法:

    List<Color> colorList = new ArrayList<>();
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        float hue = i * 1f / 8;
        Color c = Color.getHSBColor(hue, 1f, 1f);
        colorList.add(c);
        colorList.add(c);
    }
    Collections.shuffle(colorList);
    // add colors to buttons in for loop

或者...

colorList = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < ROWS * COLS / 2; i++) {
    float r = (float) Math.random();
    float g = (float) Math.random();
    float b = (float) Math.random();
    Color color = new Color(r, g, b);
    colorList.add(color);
    colorList.add(color);
}
Collections.shuffle(colorList);

// add colors to buttons using for loop

就我自己而言，我会做一些不同的事情:

• 我不会扩展 JButton
• 我会使用模型- View - Controller 程序结构的变体将模型与 View 分开
• 所有逻辑都将保存在模型中，包括 ArrayList<Integer> 中随机洗牌的随机 8 个数字对。

<小时/>

例如:

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import javax.swing.*;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ColorTest extends JPanel {
    private static final int ROWS = 4;
    private static final int COLS = 4;
    private static final int BTN_W = 100;
    private static final int BTN_H = 100;
    private static final Dimension BTN_SIZE = new Dimension(100, 100);
    // how long to show mismatched color pairs
    private static final int COLOR_DISPLAY_DELAY = 2000; // msecs
    private static final int NO_PICK = -1;
    private List<ColorButton2> buttonList = new ArrayList<>();
    private List<Color> colorList = new ArrayList<>();
    private int firstPick = NO_PICK;
    private int secondPick = NO_PICK;
    private ButtonListener buttonListener = new ButtonListener();
    private boolean listenerEnabled = true;

    public ColorTest() {
        JPanel gridPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(ROWS, COLS));
        for (int index = 0; index < ROWS * COLS; index++) {
            ColorButton2 button = new ColorButton2(index, BTN_W, BTN_H);
            button.addActionListener(buttonListener);
            button.setPreferredSize(BTN_SIZE);
            buttonList.add(button);
            gridPanel.add(button);
        }
        reset();

        JButton resetButton = new JButton("Reset");
        resetButton.addActionListener(e -> reset());
        resetButton.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_R);
        JButton exitButton = new JButton("Exit");
        exitButton.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_X);
        exitButton.addActionListener(e -> System.exit(0));
        JPanel btnPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 0));
        btnPanel.add(resetButton);
        btnPanel.add(exitButton);
        setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        add(gridPanel);
        add(btnPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
    }

    public void reset() {
        colorList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < ROWS * COLS / 2; i++) {
            // Color color = randomRgbColor();
            float hue = (2f * i) / (ROWS * COLS); // non-random hue
            Color color = randomHsbColor(hue); // randomize the saturation and
                                               // brilliance
            colorList.add(color);
            colorList.add(color);
        }
        Collections.shuffle(colorList);

        for (int i = 0; i < buttonList.size(); i++) {
            ColorButton2 btn = buttonList.get(i);
            btn.reset();
            btn.setColor(colorList.get(i));
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    private Color randomRgbColor() {
        float r = (float) Math.random();
        float g = (float) Math.random();
        float b = (float) Math.random();
        Color color = new Color(r, g, b);
        return color;
    }

    private Color randomHsbColor(float hue) {
        // float hue = (float) Math.random();
        float sat = ((int) (2 * Math.random()) + 1) / 2f;
        float bril = ((int) (2 * Math.random()) + 1) / 2f;
        return Color.getHSBColor(hue, sat, bril);
    }

    private class ButtonListener implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            if (!listenerEnabled) {
                // if button listener disabled -- get out of here
                return;
            }
            ColorButton2 source = (ColorButton2) e.getSource();
            if (source.getNumber() == firstPick) {
                // if user chooses same button twice, a mistake, so exit
                return;
            }
            if (source.isPairMatched()) {
                // button already matched
                return;
            }

            source.flip(true); // show button's real color

            // if user has selected first button
            if (firstPick == NO_PICK) {
                firstPick = source.getNumber(); // set first button pick field
            } else {
                // else user has selected 2nd button
                secondPick = source.getNumber();

                // check if the two buttons hold the same color
                Color c1 = buttonList.get(firstPick).getColor();
                Color c2 = buttonList.get(secondPick).getColor();
                if (c1.equals(c2)) {
                    // matching picks, then disable both buttons
                    buttonList.get(firstPick).setPairMatched(true);
                    buttonList.get(secondPick).setPairMatched(true);
                    // reset these variables
                    firstPick = NO_PICK;
                    secondPick = NO_PICK;
                    // check that the game isn't over
                    checkForWin();
                } else {
                    // start timer to display buttons for period of time, then
                    // flip back
                    listenerEnabled = false; // disable all button's action
                                             // listeners
                    new Timer(COLOR_DISPLAY_DELAY, e2 -> {
                        // show background color for both buttons
                        buttonList.get(firstPick).flip(false);
                        buttonList.get(secondPick).flip(false);

                        // re-enable the action listener
                        listenerEnabled = true;
                        firstPick = NO_PICK;
                        secondPick = NO_PICK;
                        ((Timer) e2.getSource()).stop(); // non-repeating timer
                    }).start();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void checkForWin() {
        boolean win = true;
        for (ColorButton2 button : buttonList) {
            win &= button.isPairMatched();
        }
        if (win) {
            String message = "You've matched all the colors";
            String title = "Congratulations!";
            int messageType = JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE;
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(ColorTest.this, message, title, messageType);
        }
    }

    private static void createAndShowGui() {
        ColorTest mainPanel = new ColorTest();

        JFrame frame = new JFrame("ColorTest");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.getContentPane().add(mainPanel);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> createAndShowGui());
    }
}

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
class ColorButton2 extends JButton {
    // background color
    private static final Color BG_COLOR = Color.LIGHT_GRAY;
    private int number;
    // non-background color
    private Color color = null;
    // true if a pair has been found for this button
    private boolean pairMatched = false;

    public ColorButton2(int number, int width, int height) {
        this.number = number;
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width, height));
        setBackground(BG_COLOR);
    }

    // reset back to initial conditions
    public void reset() {
        setPairMatched(false);
        setBackground(BG_COLOR);
    }

    // if true -- show real color, else show background color
    public void flip(boolean flip) {
        if (flip) {
            setBackground(color);
        } else {
            setBackground(BG_COLOR);
        }
    }

    public Color getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    public void setColor(Color color) {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }

    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public boolean isPairMatched() {
        return pairMatched;
    }

    // if match is found, disable the button and set the field
    public void setPairMatched(boolean pairMatched) {
        setEnabled(!pairMatched);
        this.pairMatched = pairMatched;
    }
}