java - Spring Boot 2.1.6 无法作为 SystemD 服务启动

Question

我正在尝试在 Amazon Linux EC2 实例上启动 Spring Boot 应用程序即服务。

我将服务打包为:

$ mvn clean package spring-boot:repackage -Dstart-class=com.acme.MyMicroserviceApplication

当我手动启动服务(没有服务)时，它运行正确:

$ /usr/bin/java -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom -Dspring.profiles.active=pro -server -d64 -Xms256m -Xmx2048m -Xss256m -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:MaxHeapSize=2048m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=1024m -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=75 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -jar /home/ec2-user/jars/my-microservice-1.0.0-RELEASE.jar

INFO [main] org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer: Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' INFO [main] org.springframework.boot.StartupInfoLogger: Started FacebookServiceApplication in 12.17 seconds (JVM running for 12.861) INFO [http-nio-8080-exec-1] org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog: Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet' INFO [http-nio-8080-exec-1] org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet: Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet' INFO [http-nio-8080-exec-1] org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet: Completed initialization in 23 ms

但是当我启动服务时，Spring Boot找不到该类:

• org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher

错误是:

my-microservice[27205]: Error: Could not find or load main class org.springframework.boot.loader.JarLauncher
systemd[1]: squint-facebook.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
systemd[1]: Unit my-micro.service entered failed state.
systemd[1]: my-micro.service failed.
systemd[1]: Stopped my-microservice.

我的服务文件是:

• /etc/systemd/system/my-micro.service

<小时/>

[Unit]
Description=my-microservice
After=syslog.target network.target
Wants=redis.service

[Service]
Type=simple
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/my-microservice
Environment="JAVA_HOME=$(dirname $(dirname $(readlink $(readlink $(which java)))))"
Environment="PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"
Environment="CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib"
Environment="SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=pro"
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom -Dspring.profiles.active=pro -server -d64 -Xms256m -Xmx2048m -Xss256m -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:MaxHeapSize=2048m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=1024m -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=75 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError"
User=springboot
# The configuration file application.properties should be here:
WorkingDirectory=/home/ec2-user/jars
# Run ExecStartPre with root-permissions
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p /var/log/my-microservice
ExecStartPre=/bin/chown -R springboot:syslog /var/log/my-microservice
ExecStartPre=/bin/chmod -R 775 /var/log/my-microservice
ExecStart=/usr/bin/java \
        -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom \
        -Dspring.profiles.active=pro \
        -server \
        -d64 \
        -Xms256m \
        -Xmx2048m \
        -Xss256m \
        -XX:+UseParallelGC \
        -XX:MaxHeapSize=2048m \
        -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=1024m \
        -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=75 \
        -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError \
        -jar my-microservice-1.0.0-RELEASE.jar
SuccessExitStatus=143
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal
KillSignal=SIGINT
TimeoutStopSec=20
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
StartLimitInterval=0
StartLimitBurst=10
SyslogIdentifier=my-microservice

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

<小时/>

我的项目的pom.xml文件是:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.teamknowlogy.squint</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-microservice</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-RELEASE</version>
    <name>my-microservice</name>
    <description>...</description>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-session.version>1.3.5.RELEASE</spring-session.version>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <!-- The main class to start by executing "java -jar" -->
        <start-class>com.acme.MyMicroserviceApplication</start-class>
        <spring.boot.mainclass>com.acme.MyMicroserviceApplication</spring.boot.mainclass>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-aws</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-loader -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-loader</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <artifactId>auth</artifactId>
            <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <artifactId>aws-core</artifactId>
            <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <artifactId>s3</artifactId>
            <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>23.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.htmlunit</groupId>
            <artifactId>htmlunit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.jsoup/jsoup -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-pool2 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/software.amazon.awssdk/bom -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>software.amazon.awssdk</groupId>
                <artifactId>bom</artifactId>
                <version>2.6.5</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- https://spring.io/projects/spring-session -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-session-bom</artifactId>
                <version>Bean-SR3</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>false</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <!-- <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory> -->
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <skipTests>true</skipTests>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <executable>true</executable>
                    <mainClass>${spring.boot.mainclass}</mainClass>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <mainClass>${spring.boot.mainclass}</mainClass>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

<小时/>

Java 版本:

$ /usr/bin/java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_201"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)

Amazon Linux 实例的版本:

$ cat /etc/*release
NAME="Amazon Linux"
VERSION="2"
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="centos rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="2"
PRETTY_NAME="Amazon Linux 2"
ANSI_COLOR="0;33"
CPE_NAME="cpe:2.3:o:amazon:amazon_linux:2"
HOME_URL="https://amazonlinux.com/"
Amazon Linux release 2 (Karoo)

Answer 1

您在单元文件环境配置中使用 shell 参数扩展 ($):

EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/my-microservice
Environment="JAVA_HOME=$(dirname $(dirname $(readlink $(readlink $(which java)))))"
Environment="PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin"
Environment="CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib"
Environment="SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE=pro"
Environment="JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom -Dspring.profiles.active=pro -server -d64 -Xms256m -Xmx2048m -Xss256m -XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:MaxHeapSize=2048m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=1024m -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=75 -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError"

Systemd doesn't support shell parameter expansion :

Environment= Sets environment variables for executed processes. Takes a space-separated list of variable assignments. This option may be specified more than once, in which case all listed variables will be set. If the same variable is set twice, the later setting will override the earlier setting. If the empty string is assigned to this option, the list of environment variables is reset, all prior assignments have no effect. Variable expansion is not performed inside the strings, however, specifier expansion is possible. The $ character has no special meaning. If you need to assign a value containing spaces or the equals sign to a variable, use double quotes (") for the assignment.

我建议在应用程序的常用 setenv.sh 文件中定义环境变量。