Java GUI 对齐

Question

所以我已经添加了标签和所有内容，但我仍然在格式化和对齐所有内容时遇到问题。计算按钮显然应该居中。我知道使用 gridbag 将框架分割成坐标系，当一列大于其他列时，它会调整其他列并将其抛弃(对吗？)。但我什至不明白如何解决这个问题。并且仍然无法将所有内容向左对齐，这样它就不会向中心开始。

编译后的窗口如下

这就是我想要的，我还没有添加所有内容。

 JPanel p = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());


GridBagConstraints gc = new GridBagConstraints();

//0 Column
    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy = 0;
    gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
    p.add(new JLabel("Mortgage amount:"),gc);


    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy =1;
    p.add(new JLabel("Mortgage term:"),gc);



    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy = 2;
    p.add(new JLabel("Interest rate:"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy = 3;
    p.add(new JLabel("Mortgage start date:"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy= 4;
    p.add(new JLabel("Monthly Payments:"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy = 7;
    p.add(new JLabel("Extra payments"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy = 8;
    p.add(new JLabel("Adding: "),gc);

    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy = 9;
    p.add(new JLabel("Adding: "),gc);

    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy = 10;
    p.add(new JLabel("Adding: "),gc);

    gc.gridx = 0;
    gc.gridy = 11;
    p.add(new JLabel("Changes paid off date to:"),gc);


    //1 Column
    gc.gridx = 1;
    gc.gridy = 0;
    p.add(new JLabel("$"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 1;
    gc.gridy = 4;
    p.add(new JLabel("$"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 1;
    gc.gridy = 8;
    p.add(new JLabel("$"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 1;
    gc.gridy = 9;
    p.add(new JLabel("$"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 1;
    gc.gridy = 10;
    p.add(new JLabel("$"),gc);

    //2 column
    gc.gridx = 2;
    gc.gridy = 0;
    p.add(new JTextField(8),gc);

    gc.gridx = 2;
    gc.gridy =1;
    p.add(new JTextField(8),gc);

    gc.gridx = 2;
    gc.gridy = 2;
    p.add(new JTextField(8),gc);

    gc.gridx = 2;
    gc.gridy = 3;
    p.add(new JComboBox(month),gc);

    gc.gridx= 2;
    gc.gridy = 4;
    p.add(new JTextField(8),gc);

    gc.gridx = 2;
    gc.gridy = 8;
    p.add(new JTextField(8),gc);

    gc.gridx = 2;
    gc.gridy = 9;
    p.add(new JTextField(8),gc);

    gc.gridx = 2;
    gc.gridy = 10;
    p.add(new JTextField(8),gc);

    //3 column
    gc.gridx = 3;
    gc.gridy = 1;
    p.add(new JLabel(" years or "),gc);

    gc.gridx = 3;
    gc.gridy = 2;
    p.add(new JLabel(" % per year"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 3;
    gc.gridy = 3;
    p.add(new JComboBox(days),gc);

    gc.gridx = 3;
    gc.gridy = 8;
    p.add(new JLabel("to your monthly mortgage payment"),gc);

    gc.gridx = 3;
    gc.gridy = 9;
    p.add(new JLabel("as an extra yearly mortgage payment every "),gc);

    gc.gridx = 3;
    gc.gridy = 10;
    p.add(new JLabel("as a one-time payment in "),gc);


    //4 column
    gc.gridx = 4;
    gc.gridy = 1;
    p.add(new JTextField(8),gc);

    gc.gridx = 4;
    gc.gridy=3;
    p.add(new JComboBox(years),gc);



    //5 column
    gc.gridx = 5;
    gc.gridy = 1;
    p.add(new JLabel(" months"),gc);

    gc.gridy=5;
    gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
    p.add(new JButton("Calculate"),gc);


    add(p, BorderLayout.NORTH);





    }



}

Answer 1

由于您没有指定调整大小行为，因此可以使用许多布局管理器来获得非常相似的结果。正如 @MadProgrammer 所提到的，2 个面板可能是一个很好的方法，对于顶部的面板我使用 GridBagLayout出于教育目的，我将底部留空供您自己实现，尽管该项目不会从 GridBagLayout 中受益。并且可以使用更简单的布局管理器(例如 BoxLayout )。

public class Mort extends JFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Mort();
    }

    Mort() {

        JPanel topPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints gc = new GridBagConstraints();
        JPanel tempPanel;

        gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;

        // Top
        // 0 Column
        gc.gridx = 0;

        gc.gridy = 0;
        topPanel.add(new JLabel("Mortgage amount:"), gc);

        gc.gridy = 1;
        topPanel.add(new JLabel("Mortgage term:"), gc);

        gc.gridy = 2;
        topPanel.add(new JLabel("Interest rate:"), gc);

        gc.gridy = 3;
        topPanel.add(new JLabel("Mortgage start date:"), gc);

        gc.gridy = 4;
        topPanel.add(new JLabel("Monthly Payments:"), gc);

        gc.gridy = 5;
        gc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;
        gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
        topPanel.add(new JButton("Calculate"), gc);

        gc.gridwidth = 1;
        gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;

        // 1 Column
        gc.gridx = 1;

        gc.gridy = 0;
        tempPanel = new JPanel();
        tempPanel.add(new JLabel("$"));
        tempPanel.add(new JTextField(8));
        topPanel.add(tempPanel, gc);

        gc.gridy = 1;
        tempPanel = new JPanel();
        tempPanel.add(new JTextField(8));
        tempPanel.add(new JLabel("years of"));
        tempPanel.add(new JTextField(8));
        tempPanel.add(new JLabel("months"));
        topPanel.add(tempPanel, gc);

        gc.gridy = 2;
        tempPanel = new JPanel();
        tempPanel.add(new JTextField(8));
        tempPanel.add(new JLabel("% per year"));
        topPanel.add(tempPanel, gc);

        gc.gridy = 3;
        tempPanel = new JPanel();
        tempPanel.add(new JComboBox());
        tempPanel.add(new JComboBox());
        tempPanel.add(new JComboBox());
        topPanel.add(tempPanel, gc);

        gc.gridy = 4;
        tempPanel = new JPanel();
        tempPanel.add(new JLabel("$"));
        tempPanel.add(new JTextField(8));
        topPanel.add(tempPanel, gc);

        // Bottom
        JPanel bottomPanel = new JPanel();
        bottomPanel.add(new JLabel("BottomPanel"));

        // Main
        JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
        mainPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(mainPanel, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
        mainPanel.add(new JLabel("Mortgage Calculator"));
        mainPanel.add(new JSeparator());
        mainPanel.add(topPanel);
        mainPanel.add(new JSeparator());
        mainPanel.add(bottomPanel);

        getContentPane().add(mainPanel);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

回答您的具体疑虑:

• 您错过了线路 gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.LINE_START;它将所有内容按照您想要的方式向左对齐。

• 超过 2 列就没有意义，因为只有 2 处需要垂直对齐。

• “计算”按钮位于列对齐方式之外(它在两列中居中)。专线gc.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER;意味着它应该跨越(填充)右侧的其余列和 gc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER; 行将其与中心对齐。

我将所有视觉效果(颜色、字体、填充、插图等)留给您。