sql - 如何构建查询以仅提供与 T-SQL 中 CSV ID 列表中的所有值匹配的行

Question

我创建了一个简单的示例(希望比我的实际数据更有趣)来更好地表达我的问题:

CREATE TABLE SUPER_HERO
(   ID INT,
    NAME VARCHAR(50)
)

INSERT INTO SUPER_HERO VALUES (1, 'Storm')
INSERT INTO SUPER_HERO VALUES (2, 'Silver Surfer')
INSERT INTO SUPER_HERO VALUES (3, 'Spider Man')

CREATE TABLE SKILL
(   ID INT,
    NAME VARCHAR(50)
)

INSERT INTO SKILL VALUES (1, 'Flight')
INSERT INTO SKILL VALUES (2, 'Weather Control')
INSERT INTO SKILL VALUES (3, 'Super Speed')

CREATE TABLE SUPER_HERO_SKILL
(   SUPER_HERO_ID INT,
    SKILL_ID INT
)

INSERT INTO SUPER_HERO_SKILL VALUES (1, 1) --Storm has Flight
INSERT INTO SUPER_HERO_SKILL VALUES (1, 2) --Storm has Weather Control
INSERT INTO SUPER_HERO_SKILL VALUES (2, 1) --Silver Surfer has Flight
INSERT INTO SUPER_HERO_SKILL VALUES (2, 3) --Silver Surfer has Super Speed
INSERT INTO SUPER_HERO_SKILL VALUES (3, 3) --Spider Man has Super Speed

错误查询示例(未显示所需结果):

DECLARE @DELIMITER CHAR = ','
DECLARE @CSV_STRING VARCHAR(20) = '1,3'

SELECT 
    SUPER_HERO_NAME =   SUPER_HERO.NAME,
    SKILL_NAME      =   SKILL.NAME
FROM 
    SUPER_HERO
    JOIN SUPER_HERO_SKILL ON  SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID = SUPER_HERO.ID
    JOIN SKILL ON SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID = SKILL.ID
    JOIN dbo.Split(@CSV_STRING, @DELIMITER) SPLIT  ON SPLIT.ITEMS = SKILL.ID

我想看到什么:
当 DECLARE @CSV_STRING VARCHAR(20) = '1,3' 时，我应该只看到“Silver Surfer”，因为他是唯一同时拥有与飞行和 super 速度相关的技能 1 和 3 的人。

当DECLARE @CSV_STRING VARCHAR(20) = '1,2,3'时，我不应该在我的宇宙中看到任何英雄，因为没有定义为拥有所有英雄列出了三个技能。

一定有一些简单的东西我错过了。我尝试过以多种不同的方式构建查询。我在这里展示了最简单的形式，以免使问题的呈现变得复杂。

注意:我使用的函数充当 Split基于传入的分隔符。

Answer 1

使用下面的分割函数，它返回一个 int 列。因此很容易检查 HAVING 子句中的计数。

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[DelimitedParamParser]( @DelimitedIds VARCHAR(MAX), @Delimiter CHAR(1)) 
RETURNS @IdsTable 
TABLE ( Id INT ) 
AS BEGIN

DECLARE @Length INT,
        @Index INT,
        @NextIndex INT

SET @Length = DATALENGTH(@DelimitedIds)
SET @Index = 0
SET @NextIndex = 0


WHILE (@Length > @Index )
BEGIN
    SET @NextIndex = CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @DelimitedIds, @Index)
    IF (@NextIndex = 0 ) SET @NextIndex = @Length + 2
        INSERT @IdsTable SELECT SUBSTRING( @DelimitedIds, @Index, @NextIndex - @Index )
    SET @index = @nextindex + 1
END
 RETURN
END

这有效，请记住在末尾添加一个额外的逗号。

DECLARE @DELIMITER CHAR = ','
DECLARE @CSV_STRING VARCHAR(20) = '1,3,'

SELECT Distinct SUPER_HERO.NAME, SKILL.NAME
FROM 
    SUPER_HERO
    INNER JOIN SUPER_HERO_SKILL ON  SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID = SUPER_HERO.ID
    INNER JOIN SKILL ON SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID = SKILL.ID
    WHERE SUPER_HERO.ID IN
    (
    SELECT SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID   
    FROM 
        SUPER_HERO
        INNER JOIN SUPER_HERO_SKILL ON  SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID = SUPER_HERO.ID
        INNER JOIN SKILL ON SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID = SKILL.ID
        INNER JOIN DelimitedParamParser(@CSV_STRING, @DELIMITER) SPLIT  ON SPLIT.ID = SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID
    GROUP BY SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SUPER_HERO_ID
    HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT(SUPER_HERO_SKILL.SKILL_ID)) = (SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(Id)) FROM DelimitedParamParser(@CSV_STRING, @DELIMITER))
    )