Perl - 将文件文本解析为散列

Question

我想解析文件文本，然后将其放入散列中。我的文件看起来像:

key1 val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,
val,val,val,val
key2 val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,
val,val,val,val
key3 val
key4 val,val
key5 val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,
val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,
val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val

我的键在空格之前，我的值是空格之后和每个逗号之前的元素列表。我有一些没有键的行，因为值在几行上继续。

所以我想要这样的哈希(我最熟悉 Python):

hash={'key1':[val,val,...],'key2':[val,val,...]} 

我的代码:`

my %hashNames;
open INFILE, "./file.txt" or die $!;
my @temp = ();

while (my $line = <INFILE>)
{

    my @names = split /[\t,]/, $line;
    my $ID = $names[0];
    if ( $line =~ /\t/ )
    {

        my @temp=();
        for (my $i = 1; $i < @names; $i +=1)
        {
            push (@temp, $names[$i]);
        }

    }
    else
    {   

        for (my $i = 0; $i < @names; $i +=1)
        {
            push (@temp, $names[$i]);
        }       
    }
}`

Answer 1

您的问题是换行符不再分隔您的记录。因此，一种处理方法是禁用无效的默认输入记录分隔符 $/ 并模拟一个有效的分隔符:

use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

my %hash;
my $file;
{
    local $/;         # disable input record separator
    $file = <DATA>;   # entire file here now!
}

for my $line (split /^(?=\S+ )/m, $file) {  # records begin this way now
    $line =~ s/\n//g;                       # remove newlines
    my ($key, $val) = split ' ', $line, 2;  # divide into two fields
    $hash{$key} = [ split /,/, $val ];      # store the data
}

print Dumper \%hash;

__DATA__
key1 val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,
val,val,val,val
key2 val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,
val,val,val,val
key3 val
key4 val,val
key5 val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,
val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,
val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val,val

解释:

• 使用 /m 修饰符拆分 /^(?=\S+ )/m 意味着 ^ 现在将匹配字符串中的换行符，它将模拟输入记录分隔符。
• 通过将 LIMIT 2 添加到 split
来将字符串拆分为两个字段
• 我们使用匿名数组 [ ... ] 直接拆分为散列，其中包含拆分语句。