Python OpenCV线条检测检测图像中的 `X`符号

Question

我有一个图像，我需要检测行内的 X 符号。

图像:

正如您在上图中看到的，一行中有一个 X 符号。我想知道符号的 X 和 Y 坐标。有没有办法在这张图片中找到这个符号，还是它太小了？

import cv2
import numpy as np


def calculateCenterSpot(results):
    startX, endX = results[0][0], results[0][2]
    startY, endY = results[0][1], results[0][3]
    centerSpotX = (endX - startX) / 2 + startX
    centerSpotY = (endY - startY) / 2 + startY
    return [centerSpotX, centerSpotY]

img = cv2.imread('crop_1.png')
res2 = img.copy()

cords = [[1278, 704, 1760, 1090]]
center = calculateCenterSpot(cords)
cv2.circle(img, (int(center[0]), int(center[1])), 1, (0,0,255), 30)
cv2.line(img, (int(center[0]), 0), (int(center[0]), img.shape[0]), (0,255,0), 10)
cv2.line(img, (0, int(center[1])), (img.shape[1], int(center[1])), (255,0,0), 10)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# You can either use threshold or Canny edge for HoughLines().
_, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray,0,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
#edges = cv2.Canny(gray, 50, 150, apertureSize=3)

# Perform HoughLines tranform.
lines = cv2.HoughLines(thresh,0.5,np.pi/180,1000)
for line in lines:
    for rho,theta in line:
            a = np.cos(theta)
            b = np.sin(theta)
            x0 = a*rho
            y0 = b*rho
            x1 = int(x0 + 5000*(-b))
            y1 = int(y0 + 5000*(a))
            x2 = int(x0 - 5000*(-b))
            y2 = int(y0 - 5000*(a))
            if x2 == int(center[0]):
                cv2.circle(img, (x2,y1), 100, (0,0,255), 30)

            if y2 == int(center[1]):
                print('hell2o')
                # cv2.line(res2,(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(0,0,255),2)

#Display the result.
cv2.imwrite('h_res1.png', img)
cv2.imwrite('h_res3.png', res2)

cv2.imwrite('image.png', img)

我已经尝试使用 HoughLines 做到这一点，但没有成功。

Answer 1

替代使用cv2.HoughLines()，另一种方法是使用 template matching 。这个想法是在更大的图像中搜索并找到模板图像的位置。为了执行此方法，模板会在输入图像上滑动(类似于 2D 卷积)，在其中执行比较方法以确定像素相似性。这是模板匹配背后的基本思想。不幸的是，这种基本方法有缺陷，因为它仅当模板图像大小与输入图像中所需的项目相同时才有效。因此，如果您的模板图像小于在输入图像中查找的所需区域，则此方法将不起作用。

为了解决这个限制，我们可以使用np.linspace()动态地重新缩放图像以获得更好的模板匹配。在每次迭代中，我们都会调整输入图像的大小并跟踪比率。我们继续调整大小，直到模板图像大小大于调整大小的图像，同时跟踪最高相关值。相关值越高意味着匹配越好。一旦我们迭代了各种尺度，我们就会找到最大匹配的比率，然后计算边界框的坐标以确定投资返回率。

<小时/>

使用此屏幕截图模板图像

这是结果

import cv2
import numpy as np

# Resizes a image and maintains aspect ratio
def maintain_aspect_ratio_resize(image, width=None, height=None, inter=cv2.INTER_AREA):
    # Grab the image size and initialize dimensions
    dim = None
    (h, w) = image.shape[:2]

    # Return original image if no need to resize
    if width is None and height is None:
        return image

    # We are resizing height if width is none
    if width is None:
        # Calculate the ratio of the height and construct the dimensions
        r = height / float(h)
        dim = (int(w * r), height)
    # We are resizing width if height is none
    else:
        # Calculate the ratio of the 0idth and construct the dimensions
        r = width / float(w)
        dim = (width, int(h * r))

    # Return the resized image
    return cv2.resize(image, dim, interpolation=inter)

# Load template, convert to grayscale, perform canny edge detection
template = cv2.imread('template.png')
template = cv2.cvtColor(template, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
template = cv2.Canny(template, 50, 200)
(tH, tW) = template.shape[:2]
cv2.imshow("template", template)

# Load original image, convert to grayscale
original_image = cv2.imread('1.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(original_image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
found = None

# Dynamically rescale image for better template matching
for scale in np.linspace(0.1, 3.0, 20)[::-1]:

    # Resize image to scale and keep track of ratio
    resized = maintain_aspect_ratio_resize(gray, width=int(gray.shape[1] * scale))
    r = gray.shape[1] / float(resized.shape[1])

    # Stop if template image size is larger than resized image
    if resized.shape[0] < tH or resized.shape[1] < tW:
        break

    # Detect edges in resized image and apply template matching
    canny = cv2.Canny(resized, 50, 200)
    detected = cv2.matchTemplate(canny, template, cv2.TM_CCOEFF)
    (_, max_val, _, max_loc) = cv2.minMaxLoc(detected)

    # Uncomment this section for visualization
    '''
    clone = np.dstack([canny, canny, canny])
    cv2.rectangle(clone, (max_loc[0], max_loc[1]), (max_loc[0] + tW, max_loc[1] + tH), (0,255,0), 2)
    cv2.imshow('visualize', clone)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    '''

    # Keep track of correlation value
    # Higher correlation means better match
    if found is None or max_val > found[0]:
        found = (max_val, max_loc, r)

# Compute coordinates of bounding box
(_, max_loc, r) = found
(start_x, start_y) = (int(max_loc[0] * r), int(max_loc[1] * r))
(end_x, end_y) = (int((max_loc[0] + tW) * r), int((max_loc[1] + tH) * r))

# Draw bounding box on ROI
cv2.rectangle(original_image, (start_x, start_y), (end_x, end_y), (0,255,0), 2)
cv2.imshow('detected', original_image)
cv2.imwrite('detected.png', original_image)
cv2.waitKey(0)