java - 测试 Spring 存储库 - 始终无法正确调用 EntityManager 加载和删除

Question

亲爱的堆垛机，你好，

我现在真的在为虚拟 DAO 的基本测试类而苦苦挣扎。虽然我看到注入(inject)的 EntityManager 的 persist 和 find 方法最终触发了 SQL 查询，但我的断言仍然失败。

首先，我使用的测试配置:

<!-- test -->
<persistence-unit name="eSporxPersistenceTestUnit" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
    <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
    <class>...CoalmineCanary</class>
    <properties>
        <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect" />
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />
        <property name="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy" value="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" />
        <property name="hibernate.connection.charSet" value="UTF-8" />
    </properties>
</persistence-unit>

...以及测试使用的应用程序上下文:

<!-- data source definition -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${database.driverClassName}" />
    <property name="url" value="${database.url}" />
    <property name="username" value="${database.username}" />
    <property name="password" value="${database.password}" />
</bean>

<!-- entity manager -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="eSporxPersistenceTestUnit" />
    <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
        <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
            <property name="generateDdl" value="true" />
            <property name="showSql" value="true" />
            <property name="databasePlatform" value="${database.dialect}" />
        </bean>
    </property>
</bean>

<!-- transaction manager -->
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager" id="transactionManager">
    <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

我的 DAO 与以下实体合作:

@Entity
public class CoalmineCanary {

@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private int id;
private String text;

public int getId() {
    return id;
}

public String getText() {
    return this.text;
}

public void setText(String text) {
    this.text = text;
}
}

...以及 DAO:

@Repository
public class CoalmineCanaryRepository {

@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager entityManager;

@Transactional
public void delete(CoalmineCanary entity) {
    entityManager.remove(entity);
}

@Transactional
public CoalmineCanary findById(final int id) {
    return entityManager.find(CoalmineCanary.class, id);
}

@Transactional
public void save(CoalmineCanary entity) {
    entityManager.persist(entity);
}
}

我的测试类仅包含 2 个非常简单的测试:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:/META-INF/spring/testApplicationContext.xml")
public class CoalmineCanaryRepositoryTest {

@Autowired
private CoalmineCanaryRepository canaryRepository;

private CoalmineCanary coalmineCanary;

@Before
public void setup() {
    coalmineCanary = new CoalmineCanary();
    coalmineCanary.setText("pokus");
    canaryRepository.save(coalmineCanary);
}

@Test
public void when_loaded_then_entity_is_retrieved() {
    CoalmineCanary managedCanary = canaryRepository.findById(1);
    assertThat(managedCanary).isNotNull();
    assertThat(managedCanary.getText()).isEqualTo("pokus");
}

@Test
public void when_removed_then_entity_not_retrievable() {
    CoalmineCanary managedCanary = canaryRepository.findById(1);
    assertThat(managedCanary).isNotNull();
    canaryRepository.delete(managedCanary);
    CoalmineCanary canary = canaryRepository.findById(1);
    assertThat(canary).isNull();
}
}

这是我运行测试时的控制台输出:

Feb 25, 2012 2:41:39 PM org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager retrieveTestExecutionListeners
INFO: @TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [class tv.esporx.framework.CoalmineCanaryRepositoryTest]: using defaults.
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:39 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
INFO: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [META-INF/spring/testApplicationContext.xml]
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:39 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@c4fe76: startup date [Sat Feb 25 14:41:39 CET 2012]; root of context hierarchy
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:40 PM org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertiesLoaderSupport loadProperties
INFO: Loading properties file from file [/usr/local/projects/esporx/esporx-webapp/target/test-classes/META-INF/spring/datasource.properties]
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:40 PM org.springframework.core.io.support.PropertiesLoaderSupport loadProperties
INFO: Loading properties file from file [/usr/local/projects/esporx/esporx-webapp/target/classes/META-INF/spring/datasource.properties]
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:40 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory preInstantiateSingletons
INFO: Pre-instantiating singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@5eb489: defining beans [coalmineCanaryRepository,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer#0,validator,dataSource,entityManagerFactory,transactionManager,org.springframework.aop.config.internalAutoProxyCreator,org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource#0,org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor#0,org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdvisor,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor$ImportAwareBeanPostProcessor#0]; root of factory hierarchy
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:40 PM org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean createNativeEntityManagerFactory
INFO: Building JPA container EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'eSporxPersistenceTestUnit'
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.annotations.common.Version <clinit>
INFO: HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.1.Final}
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.Version logVersion
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.0.1.Final}
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment <clinit>
INFO: HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Environment buildBytecodeProvider
INFO: HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.ejb.Ejb3Configuration configure
INFO: HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
    name: eSporxPersistenceTestUnit
    ...]
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.service.jdbc.connections.internal.ConnectionProviderInitiator instantiateExplicitConnectionProvider
INFO: HHH000130: Instantiating explicit connection provider: org.hibernate.ejb.connection.InjectedDataSourceConnectionProvider
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect <init>
INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.TransactionFactoryInitiator initiateService
INFO: HHH000268: Transaction strategy: org.hibernate.engine.transaction.internal.jdbc.JdbcTransactionFactory
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:41 PM org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.ASTQueryTranslatorFactory <init>
INFO: HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate execute
INFO: HHH000228: Running hbm2ddl schema update
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate execute
INFO: HHH000102: Fetching database metadata
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate execute
INFO: HHH000396: Updating schema
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata <init>
INFO: HHH000261: Table found: esporx.coalmine_canary
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata <init>
INFO: HHH000037: Columns: [id, text]
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata <init>
INFO: HHH000108: Foreign keys: []
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata <init>
INFO: HHH000126: Indexes: [primary]
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate execute
INFO: HHH000232: Schema update complete
Hibernate: insert into coalmine_canary (text) values (?)
Hibernate: select coalmineca0_.id as id0_0_, coalmineca0_.text as text0_0_ from coalmine_canary coalmineca0_ where coalmineca0_.id=?
Hibernate: insert into coalmine_canary (text) values (?)
Hibernate: select coalmineca0_.id as id0_0_, coalmineca0_.text as text0_0_ from coalmine_canary coalmineca0_ where coalmineca0_.id=?
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext doClose
INFO: Closing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@c4fe76: startup date [Sat Feb 25 14:41:39 CET 2012]; root of context hierarchy
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry destroySingletons
INFO: Destroying singletons in org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory@5eb489: defining beans [coalmineCanaryRepository,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalConfigurationAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalAutowiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalRequiredAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalCommonAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.context.annotation.internalPersistenceAnnotationProcessor,org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer#0,validator,dataSource,entityManagerFactory,transactionManager,org.springframework.aop.config.internalAutoProxyCreator,org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource#0,org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor#0,org.springframework.transaction.config.internalTransactionAdvisor,org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor$ImportAwareBeanPostProcessor#0]; root of factory hierarchy
Feb 25, 2012 2:41:42 PM org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean destroy
INFO: Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'eSporxPersistenceTestUnit'

现在发生的情况是 findById(1) 始终返回 null。我一直在尝试改变很多事情，但仍然无法使测试通过......

预先感谢您的帮助!

罗尔夫

Answer 1

您编写的所有代码都很好，但测试需要一些调整，

private CoalmineCanary coalmineCanary;

@Before
public void setup() {
    coalmineCanary = new CoalmineCanary();
    coalmineCanary.setText("pokus");
    coalmineCanary = canaryRepository.save(coalmineCanary);

    if(coalmineCanary.getId() == 0){
       fail("Could not insert the Canary!");
    }
}

@Test
public void when_loaded_then_entity_is_retrieved() {
    CoalmineCanary managedCanary = canaryRepository.findById(coalmineCanary.getId());
    assertThat(managedCanary).isNotNull();
    assertThat(managedCanary.getText()).isEqualTo("pokus");
}

您的测试可能会失败，因为无法保证对象的 id 将为 1。保存实体后，hibernate 使用数据库中的值更新 id 并返回对象。如果您想使用它，您应该为调用者方法返回它。

在您的测试方法中，您应该使用保存的 bean 的 id，而不是硬编码的 id，以便测试可以通过。另外，如果未在 setup() 方法中设置 id，则让测试失败。