java - 多线程客户端-服务器聊天，使用套接字

Question

服务器和客户端使用我自己的协议(protocol)进行通信，该协议(protocol)看起来像 XMPP。我应该实现聊天应用程序。因此，当一个用户写入字符串时，它应该立即通过服务器发送到其他客户端。我在服务器上有方法 sendToAll 。但是用户只有在按下回车键时才能看到其他用户的消息。用户如何在不按回车按钮的情况下接收消息？

这是我的客户:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import dataart.practice.protocols.XMLProtocol;

public class Client {
public static final String SERVER_HOST = "localhost";
public static final Integer SERVER_PORT = 4444;
public static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(Client.class);
private static BufferedReader in;
private static PrintWriter out;
private static BufferedReader inu;

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

    System.out.println("Welcome to Client side");
    XMLProtocol protocol = new XMLProtocol();
    Socket fromserver = null;

    fromserver = new Socket(SERVER_HOST, SERVER_PORT);

    in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fromserver.getInputStream()));

    out = new PrintWriter(fromserver.getOutputStream(), true);

    inu = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

    String fuser, fserver;
    while (true){
        if(in.ready()){//fserver = in.readLine()) != null) {
        System.out.println("asdasdsd");

        fuser = inu.readLine();
        if (fuser != null) {
            if (fuser.equalsIgnoreCase("close"))
                break;
            if (fuser.equalsIgnoreCase("exit"))
                break;

            protocol.setComId((long) 0);
            protocol.setContent(fuser);
            protocol.setLogin("Guest");

            try {

                JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(XMLProtocol.class);
                Marshaller jaxbMarshaller = jaxbContext.createMarshaller();
                jaxbMarshaller.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FRAGMENT, false);
                jaxbMarshaller.marshal(protocol, out);
                out.flush();

            } catch (JAXBException e) {
                LOG.error("Error while processing protocol" + e);
            }
        }
        }

    }

    out.close();
    in.close();
    inu.close();
    fromserver.close();
}

}

还有带有 ServerThread 的服务器。

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

    LOG.trace("Server started");
    ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(SERVER_PORT);

    try {
        while (true) {
            LOG.trace("Waiting for connections...");
            Socket socket = s.accept();
            try {
                // new ServerThread(socket);
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())), true);
                userCounter++;
                addUser("Guest" + userCounter, out);
                LOG.trace("User " + userCounter + " has been added!");
                exec.execute(new ServerThread(socket, in, out));

            } catch (IOException e) {
                socket.close();
            }
        }
    } finally {
        s.close();
    }
}

服务器线程。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.net.Socket;

import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import dataart.practice.protocols.XMLProtocol;
import dataart.practice.serverUtils.Commands;

public class ServerThread implements Runnable {
    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(ServerThread.class);

    private XMLProtocol protocol;
    private Socket socket;
    private BufferedReader in;
    private PrintWriter out;
    private String buffer = "";// may be exist another. way but it's not working
    private Boolean login = false;

    public ServerThread(Socket s, BufferedReader in, PrintWriter out) throws IOException {
        this.in = in;
        this.out = out;
        out.println("</XMLProtocol>");
        socket = s;
        new Thread(this);       
    }

    public void run() {
        try {
            while (true) {              
                if ((buffer = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    if (buffer.endsWith("</XMLProtocol>")) {
                        protocol = getProtocol(buffer);
                        //Server.onlineUserList.put(protocol.getLogin(), out);
/*                      if (!login){
                            out.println("Maybe login first?");
                            
                        }
*/                      
                        LOG.trace("Getting message from user: " + protocol.getLogin() + " recived message: " + protocol.getContent());
                        ///out.println(protocol.getLogin() + " says:" + protocol.getContent());
                        Server.sendToAll(protocol.getContent()+"</XMLProtocol>");
                    
                        
                    } else {
                        LOG.trace("Nop protocol do not send with it end");
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            LOG.error("Error in reading from stream: " + e);
        } catch (JAXBException e) {
            LOG.error("Error in Marshalling: " + e);
        } finally {
            try {
                socket.close();
                LOG.trace("Socket closed");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                LOG.error("Socket no closed" + e);
            }
        }
    }

    public XMLProtocol getProtocol(String buffer) throws JAXBException {
        JAXBContext jaxbContext = JAXBContext.newInstance(XMLProtocol.class);
        Unmarshaller jaxbUnmarshaller = jaxbContext.createUnmarshaller();
        return (XMLProtocol) jaxbUnmarshaller.unmarshal(new StreamSource(new StringReader(buffer)));
    }

    public Boolean loginIn(XMLProtocol protocol) {

        return true;
    }
}

Answer 1

您将需要对客户端和服务器进行多线程处理。客户端将需要一个线程来监听来自服务器的消息并将其写入他/她的屏幕，以及一个线程来等待他/她的键盘输入并将其发送到服务器。同样，对于与服务器的每个连接，都需要一个线程等待客户端的输入，并需要一个线程将其他用户的输出发送到客户端。

在按 Enter 之前看不到传入消息的原因是客户端 while 循环。它现在已被注释掉，但看起来您的循环曾经用于:
- 读取来自服务器的传入消息
- 从键盘读取输入
- 将输入发送到服务器

因此，您读取服务器上可用的任何内容，然后客户端等待更多键盘输入，然后再次从服务器读取(在下一次迭代中)。

另一条建议是，根据我的理解，创建 JAXBContext 可能是一项昂贵的操作。您无需在每次发送消息时重新创建它。考虑在服务器和客户端中初始化一个，然后为每个编码/解码重用它。