haskell - "instance (Num a) => YesNo a where"代码行异常

Question

这很好用:

class YesNo a where
    yesNo :: a-> Bool

instance YesNo Bool where
    yesNo True = True
    yesNo _ = False

instance YesNo [a] where
    yesNo [] = False
    yesNo _ = True

instance YesNo (Maybe a) where
    yesNo Nothing = False
    yesNo _ = True

但是我收到代码错误:

instance (Num a) => YesNo a where -- error is here
    yesNo 0 = False
    yesNo _ = True

异常信息:

ghci> :l src
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( src.hs, interpreted )

src.hs:16:21:
    Illegal instance declaration for `YesNo a'
      (All instance types must be of the form (T a1 ... an)
       where a1 ... an are *distinct type variables*,
       and each type variable appears at most once in the instance head.
       Use FlexibleInstances if you want to disable this.)
    In the instance declaration for `YesNo a'
Failed, modules loaded: none.
ghci>

我做错了什么？

Answer 1

看来您正在尝试使作为 Num 实例的每个类型自动成为 YesNo 的实例。

很遗憾，您不能那样做。

您只能为特定类型 声明一个实例。因此，您可以为 Int 或 Double 声明一个实例，但不能为“每个 Num”声明一个实例。