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erlang - 在 Erlang 中重写变量

转载 作者:行者123 更新时间:2023-12-02 06:57:58 24 4
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我正在玩记录和列表。请问,我想知道如何使用一个变量两次。当我将任何值分配给变量 _list 后,我​​尝试重写此变量,然后引发错误:

** exception error: no match of right hand side value

-module(hello).
-author("anx00040").

-record(car, {evc, type, color}).
-record(person, {name, phone, addresa, rc}).
-record(driver, {rc, evc}).

-record(list, {cars = [], persons = [], drivers = []} ).

%% API
-export([helloIF/1, helloCase/1, helloResult/1, helloList/0, map/2, filter/2, helloListCaA/0, createCar/3, createPerson/4, createDriver/2, helloRecords/0, empty_list/0, any_data/0, del_Person/1, get_persons/1, do_it_hard/0, add_person/2]).


createCar(P_evc, P_type, P_color) -> _car = #car{evc = P_evc, type = P_type, color = P_color}, _car
.
createPerson(P_name, P_phone, P_addres, P_rc) -> _person= #person{name = P_name, phone = P_phone, addresa = P_addres, rc = P_rc}, _person
.
createDriver(P_evc, P_rc) -> _driver = #driver{rc = P_rc, evc = P_evc}, _driver
.

empty_list() ->
#list{}.

any_data() ->
_car1 = hello:createCar("BL 4", "Skoda octavia", "White"),
_person1 = hello:createPerson("Eduard B.","+421 917 111 711","Kr, 81107 Bratislava1", "8811235"),
_driver1 = hello:createDriver(_car1#car.evc, _person1#person.rc),

_car2 = hello:createCar("BL 111 HK", "BMW M1", "Red"),
_person2 = hello:createPerson("Lenka M","+421 917 111 111","Krizn0, 81107 Bratislava1", "8811167695"),
_driver2 = hello:createDriver(_car2#car.evc, _person2#person.rc),

_car3 = hello:createCar("BL 123 AB", "Audi A1 S", "Black"),
_person3 = hello:createPerson("Stela Ba.","+421 918 111 711","Azna 20, 81107 Bratislava1", "8811167695"),
_driver3 = hello:createDriver(_car3#car.evc, _person3#person.rc),

_list = #list{
cars = [_car1,_car2,_car3],
persons = [_person1, _person2, _person3],
drivers = [_driver1, _driver2, _driver3]},
_list.


add_person(List, Person) ->
List#list{persons = lists:append([Person], List#list.persons) }.

get_persons(#list{persons = P}) -> P.

do_it_hard()->
empty_list(),
_list = add_person(any_data(), #person{name = "Test",phone = "+421Test", addresa = "Testova 20 81101 Testovo", rc =88113545}),
io:fwrite("\n"),
get_persons(add_person(_list, #person{name = "Test2",phone = "+421Test2", addresa = "Testova 20 81101 Testovo2", rc =991135455}))
.

但是当我使用变量 _list 两次时它会引发错误:

do_it_hard()->
empty_list(),
_list = add_person(any_data(), #person{name = "Test",phone = "+421Test", addresa = "Testova 20 81101 Testovo", rc =88113545}),
_list =add_person(_list, #person{name = "Test2",phone = "+421Test2", addresa = "Testova 20 81101 Testovo2", rc =991135455}),
get_persons(_list)
.

最佳答案

在 REPL 中,可以方便地在重新使用变量名称的同时进行试验。在那里,你可以执行f(A).让Erlang“忘记”A的当前赋值。

1> Result = connect("goooogle.com").
{error, "server not found"}
2> % oops! I misspelled the server name
2> f(Result).
ok
3> Result = connect("google.com").
{ok, <<"contents of the page">>}

请注意,这只是 REPL 的便利功能。您无法在实际代码中执行此操作。

在实际代码中,变量只能赋值一次。在过程语言(C、Java、Python 等)中,重新分配的典型用例是循环:

for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
conn = connect(servers[i]);
reply = send_data(conn);
print(reply);
}

在上面,变量 iconnreply 在循环的每次迭代中都会重新分配。

函数式语言使用递归来执行循环:

send_all(Max, Servers) ->
send_loop(1, Max, Servers).

send_loop(Current, Max, _Servers) when Current =:= Max->
ok;
send_loop(Current, Max, Servers) ->
Conn = connect(lists:nth(Current, Servers)),
Reply = send_data(Conn),
print(Reply).

这不是很惯用的 Erlang;我正在尝试使其反射(reflect)上面的过程代码。

如您所见,我得到了相同的效果,但我在函数内的分配是固定的。

顺便说一句,您使用了许多以下划线开头的变量名称。在 Erlang 中,这是一种暗示您不会使用这些变量的值的方式。 (就像上面的示例一样,当我到达列表末尾时,我不关心服务器列表。)在代码中使用前导下划线会关闭一些有用的编译器警告,并使任何其他开发人员感到困惑谁查看您的代码。

关于erlang - 在 Erlang 中重写变量,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27882857/

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