SQL 阶梯查询

Question

我需要一些帮助来生成与所需的阶梯输出相匹配的 MS SQL 2012 查询。行按一个日期范围(帐户提交日期月份)汇总数据，列按另一日期范围(付款日期月份)汇总数据

表 1:帐户跟踪用于收款的帐户。

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Accounts](
    [AccountID] [nchar](10) NOT NULL,
    [SubmissionDate] [date] NOT NULL,
    [Amount] [money] NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Accounts] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (AccountID ASC))

INSERT INTO [dbo].[Accounts] VALUES ('1000', '2012-01-01', 1999.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Accounts] VALUES ('1001', '2012-01-02', 100.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Accounts] VALUES ('1002', '2012-02-05', 350.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Accounts] VALUES ('1003', '2012-03-01', 625.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Accounts] VALUES ('1004', '2012-03-10', 50.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Accounts] VALUES ('1005', '2012-03-10', 10.00)

表 2:Trans 跟踪付款

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Trans](
    [TranID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [AccountID] [nchar](10) NOT NULL,
    [TranDate] [date] NOT NULL,
    [TranAmount] [money] NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Trans] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TranID ASC))

INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1000, '2012-01-15', 300.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1000, '2012-02-15', 300.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1000, '2012-03-15', 300.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1002, '2012-02-20', 325.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1002, '2012-04-20', 25.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1003, '2012-03-24', 625.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1004, '2012-03-28', 31.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1004, '2012-04-12', 5.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1005, '2012-04-08', 7.00)
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Trans] VALUES (1005, '2012-04-28', 3.00)

这是所需的输出应该是什么样的

                                 *Total Payments in Each Month*
SubmissionYearMonth TotalAmount | 2012-01  2012-02  2012-03  2012-04 
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2012-01             2099.00     |  300.00   300.00   300.00     0.00
2012-02             350.00      |           325.00     0.00    25.00
2012-03             685.00      |                    656.00    15.00

前两列按月份分组的 Account.Amount 求和。

最后 4 列按月对当前行指定月份中放置的帐户的 Tran.TranAmount 进行求和。

我一直在处理的查询感觉很接近。我只是没有正确的滞后。这是迄今为止我正在处理的查询:

Select SubmissionYearMonth, 
       TotalAmount,
       pt.[0] AS MonthOld0,
       pt.[1] AS MonthOld1,
       pt.[2] AS MonthOld2,
       pt.[3] AS MonthOld3,
       pt.[4] AS MonthOld4,
       pt.[5] AS MonthOld5,
       pt.[6] AS MonthOld6,
       pt.[7] AS MonthOld7,
       pt.[8] AS MonthOld8,
       pt.[9] AS MonthOld9,
       pt.[10] AS MonthOld10,
       pt.[11] AS MonthOld11,
       pt.[12] AS MonthOld12,
       pt.[13] AS MonthOld13

From (
       SELECT Convert(Char(4),Year(SubmissionDate)) + '-' + Right('00' + Convert(VarChar(2), DatePart(Month, SubmissionDate)),2) AS SubmissionYearMonth, 
       SUM(Amount) AS TotalAmount
       FROM   Accounts
       GROUP BY Convert(Char(4),Year(SubmissionDate)) + '-' + Right('00' + Convert(VarChar(2), DatePart(Month, SubmissionDate)),2)
     ) 
AS AccountSummary
OUTER APPLY
(
SELECT *
FROM (
       SELECT CASE WHEN DATEDIFF(Month, SubmissionDate, TranDate) < 13
                   THEN DATEDIFF(Month, SubmissionDate, TranDate)
                   ELSE 13
              END AS PaymentMonthAge,
              TranAmount
       FROM Trans INNER JOIN Accounts ON Trans.AccountID = Accounts.AccountID
       Where Convert(Char(4),Year(TranDate)) + '-' + Right('00' + Convert(VarChar(2), DatePart(Month, TranDate)),2)
             = AccountSummary.SubmissionYearMonth
       ) as TransTemp
       PIVOT (SUM(TranAmount)
              FOR PaymentMonthAge IN ([0],
                                      [1],
                                      [2],
                                      [3],
                                      [4],
                                      [5],
                                      [6],
                                      [7],
                                      [8],
                                      [9],
                                      [10],
                                      [11],
                                      [12],
                                      [13])) as TransPivot
) as pt

它产生以下输出:

SubmissionYearMonth TotalAmount MonthOld0 MonthOld1 MonthOld2 MonthOld3 ...
2012-01             2099.00     300.00    NULL      NULL      NULL      ...
2012-02             350.00      325.00    300.00    NULL      NULL      ...
2012-03             685.00      656.00    NULL      300.00    NULL      ...

至于列日期标题。我不确定这里最好的选择是什么。我可以添加一组额外的列并创建一个可以在生成的报告中使用的计算值。

SQL fiddle :http://www.sqlfiddle.com/#!6/272e5/1/0

Answer 1

由于您使用的是SQL Server 2012，我们可以使用Format函数让日期变得漂亮。无需按字符串分组。相反，我发现只要可以就使用正确的数据类型并且仅在显示时使用“格式”或“转换”(或者根本不使用并让中间层处理显示)很有用。

在此解决方案中，我任意假设了最早的 TransDate 并从中提取，即该月的第一天。但是，人们可以轻松地用所需开始日期的静态值替换该表达式，并且此解决方案将采用该值以及接下来的 12 个月。

With SubmissionMonths As
  (
  Select DateAdd(d, -Day(A.SubmissionDate) + 1, A.SubmissionDate) As SubmissionMonth
    , A.Amount
  From dbo.Accounts As A
  )
  , TranMonths As
  (
  Select DateAdd(d, -Day(Min( T.TranDate )) + 1, Min( T.TranDate )) As TranMonth
      , 1 As MonthNum
  From dbo.Accounts As A
    Join dbo.Trans As T
      On T.AccountId = A.AccountId
    Join SubmissionMonths As M
      On A.SubmissionDate >= M.SubmissionMonth
        And A.SubmissionDate < DateAdd(m,1,SubmissionMonth)
  Union All
  Select DateAdd(m, 1, TranMonth), MonthNum + 1
  From TranMonths
  Where MonthNum < 12
  )
  , TotalBySubmissionMonth As
  (
  Select M.SubmissionMonth, Sum( M.Amount ) As Total
  From SubmissionMonths As M
  Group By M.SubmissionMonth
  )
Select Format(SMT.SubmissionMonth,'yyyy-MM') As SubmissionMonth, SMT.Total
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 1 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month1
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 2 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month2
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 3 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month3
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 4 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month4
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 5 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month5
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 6 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month6
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 7 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month7
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 8 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month8
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 9 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month9
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 10 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month10
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 11 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month11
  , Sum( Case When TM.MonthNum = 12 Then T.TranAmount End ) As Month12
From TotalBySubmissionMonth As SMT
  Join dbo.Accounts As A
    On A.SubmissionDate >= SMT.SubmissionMonth
      And A.SubmissionDate < DateAdd(m,1,SMT.SubmissionMonth)
  Join dbo.Trans As T
    On T.AccountId = A.AccountId
  Join TranMonths As TM
    On T.TranDate >= TM.TranMonth
      And T.TranDate < DateAdd(m,1,TM.TranMonth)
Group By SMT.SubmissionMonth, SMT.Total

SQL Fiddle version