python - PyQt5 的 OpenGL 模块和版本控制问题(调用不正确的 _QOpenGLFunctions_(ver))

Question

我一直在尝试获取 the PyQt5 helloGL example code编译。当我尝试构建解决方案时，我得到:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\\-PATH-\trunk\view\test.py", line 142, in initializeGL
    self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions()
ImportError: No module named 'PyQt5._QOpenGLFunctions_4_3_Compatibility'
[Finished in 0.3s]

在我的 PyQt5 文件夹中，我有:

_QOpenGLFunctions_4_1_Core.pyd
_QOpenGLFunctions_2_0.pyd
_QOpenGLFunctions_2_1.pyd

作为我针对不同版本的 QOpenGLFunctions 集。我尝试搜索所有调用 versionFunctions() 的工作原理，看看是否可以强制它使用 4_1_Core 文件，但无济于事。经过几次重新启动后，我已经重新安装了 PyQt5 两次，看看这是否是奇怪的注册表恶作剧 - 这是在我确保更新了我的图形驱动程序之后，以便正确版本的 OpenGL 甚至在我的系统上(如果是这样的话)导致问题)

PyOpenGL 已安装并更新，我也重新安装了它。

我的最终目标是将 OpenGL 渲染器嵌入到 Qt 窗口中，但我还没有找到很多关于如何在 python 中做到这一点的示例。我使用 Vispy 一段时间，但也遇到了很多问题，因为他们旧的 Qt 示例也不再工作了。

Answer 1

这就是使用这两行的问题:

    self.gl = self.context().versionFunctions()
    self.gl.initializeOpenGLFunctions()

相反，您应该使用正确的主要/次要版本创建自定义 QSurfaceFormat 并使用 QContext 的 setFormat 使其与合适的 opengl 版本一起使用。

无论如何，我都会向您推荐一个更简单的替代方案。对于我所有的 pyqt opengl 项目，我只使用 PyOpenGL直接在我的小部件上，我可以免费获得最新的 opengl 版本。下面是适合直接使用 PyOpengl 的 hellogl 示例，我还添加了一些例程来打印您的 GPU 信息，这样您就会看到使用的 opengl 版本将与您系统的版本相匹配(使用 gpu caps viewer 或类似命令查看):

import sys
import math

from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QPoint, QSize, Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QHBoxLayout, QOpenGLWidget, QSlider,
                             QWidget)

import OpenGL.GL as gl


class Window(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super(Window, self).__init__()

        self.glWidget = GLWidget()

        self.xSlider = self.createSlider()
        self.ySlider = self.createSlider()
        self.zSlider = self.createSlider()

        self.xSlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setXRotation)
        self.glWidget.xRotationChanged.connect(self.xSlider.setValue)
        self.ySlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setYRotation)
        self.glWidget.yRotationChanged.connect(self.ySlider.setValue)
        self.zSlider.valueChanged.connect(self.glWidget.setZRotation)
        self.glWidget.zRotationChanged.connect(self.zSlider.setValue)

        mainLayout = QHBoxLayout()
        mainLayout.addWidget(self.glWidget)
        mainLayout.addWidget(self.xSlider)
        mainLayout.addWidget(self.ySlider)
        mainLayout.addWidget(self.zSlider)
        self.setLayout(mainLayout)

        self.xSlider.setValue(15 * 16)
        self.ySlider.setValue(345 * 16)
        self.zSlider.setValue(0 * 16)

        self.setWindowTitle("Hello GL")

    def createSlider(self):
        slider = QSlider(Qt.Vertical)

        slider.setRange(0, 360 * 16)
        slider.setSingleStep(16)
        slider.setPageStep(15 * 16)
        slider.setTickInterval(15 * 16)
        slider.setTickPosition(QSlider.TicksRight)

        return slider


class GLWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
    xRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)
    yRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)
    zRotationChanged = pyqtSignal(int)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(GLWidget, self).__init__(parent)

        self.object = 0
        self.xRot = 0
        self.yRot = 0
        self.zRot = 0

        self.lastPos = QPoint()

        self.trolltechGreen = QColor.fromCmykF(0.40, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
        self.trolltechPurple = QColor.fromCmykF(0.39, 0.39, 0.0, 0.0)

    def getOpenglInfo(self):
        info = """
            Vendor: {0}
            Renderer: {1}
            OpenGL Version: {2}
            Shader Version: {3}
        """.format(
            gl.glGetString(gl.GL_VENDOR),
            gl.glGetString(gl.GL_RENDERER),
            gl.glGetString(gl.GL_VERSION),
            gl.glGetString(gl.GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION)
        )

        return info

    def minimumSizeHint(self):
        return QSize(50, 50)

    def sizeHint(self):
        return QSize(400, 400)

    def setXRotation(self, angle):
        angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
        if angle != self.xRot:
            self.xRot = angle
            self.xRotationChanged.emit(angle)
            self.update()

    def setYRotation(self, angle):
        angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
        if angle != self.yRot:
            self.yRot = angle
            self.yRotationChanged.emit(angle)
            self.update()

    def setZRotation(self, angle):
        angle = self.normalizeAngle(angle)
        if angle != self.zRot:
            self.zRot = angle
            self.zRotationChanged.emit(angle)
            self.update()

    def initializeGL(self):
        print(self.getOpenglInfo())

        self.setClearColor(self.trolltechPurple.darker())
        self.object = self.makeObject()
        gl.glShadeModel(gl.GL_FLAT)
        gl.glEnable(gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST)
        gl.glEnable(gl.GL_CULL_FACE)

    def paintGL(self):
        gl.glClear(
            gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
        gl.glLoadIdentity()
        gl.glTranslated(0.0, 0.0, -10.0)
        gl.glRotated(self.xRot / 16.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
        gl.glRotated(self.yRot / 16.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0)
        gl.glRotated(self.zRot / 16.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
        gl.glCallList(self.object)

    def resizeGL(self, width, height):
        side = min(width, height)
        if side < 0:
            return

        gl.glViewport((width - side) // 2, (height - side) // 2, side,
                           side)

        gl.glMatrixMode(gl.GL_PROJECTION)
        gl.glLoadIdentity()
        gl.glOrtho(-0.5, +0.5, +0.5, -0.5, 4.0, 15.0)
        gl.glMatrixMode(gl.GL_MODELVIEW)

    def mousePressEvent(self, event):
        self.lastPos = event.pos()

    def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
        dx = event.x() - self.lastPos.x()
        dy = event.y() - self.lastPos.y()

        if event.buttons() & Qt.LeftButton:
            self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
            self.setYRotation(self.yRot + 8 * dx)
        elif event.buttons() & Qt.RightButton:
            self.setXRotation(self.xRot + 8 * dy)
            self.setZRotation(self.zRot + 8 * dx)

        self.lastPos = event.pos()

    def makeObject(self):
        genList = gl.glGenLists(1)
        gl.glNewList(genList, gl.GL_COMPILE)

        gl.glBegin(gl.GL_QUADS)

        x1 = +0.06
        y1 = -0.14
        x2 = +0.14
        y2 = -0.06
        x3 = +0.08
        y3 = +0.00
        x4 = +0.30
        y4 = +0.22

        self.quad(x1, y1, x2, y2, y2, x2, y1, x1)
        self.quad(x3, y3, x4, y4, y4, x4, y3, x3)

        self.extrude(x1, y1, x2, y2)
        self.extrude(x2, y2, y2, x2)
        self.extrude(y2, x2, y1, x1)
        self.extrude(y1, x1, x1, y1)
        self.extrude(x3, y3, x4, y4)
        self.extrude(x4, y4, y4, x4)
        self.extrude(y4, x4, y3, x3)

        NumSectors = 200

        for i in range(NumSectors):
            angle1 = (i * 2 * math.pi) / NumSectors
            x5 = 0.30 * math.sin(angle1)
            y5 = 0.30 * math.cos(angle1)
            x6 = 0.20 * math.sin(angle1)
            y6 = 0.20 * math.cos(angle1)

            angle2 = ((i + 1) * 2 * math.pi) / NumSectors
            x7 = 0.20 * math.sin(angle2)
            y7 = 0.20 * math.cos(angle2)
            x8 = 0.30 * math.sin(angle2)
            y8 = 0.30 * math.cos(angle2)

            self.quad(x5, y5, x6, y6, x7, y7, x8, y8)

            self.extrude(x6, y6, x7, y7)
            self.extrude(x8, y8, x5, y5)

        gl.glEnd()
        gl.glEndList()

        return genList

    def quad(self, x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, x4, y4):
        self.setColor(self.trolltechGreen)

        gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, -0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, -0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x3, y3, -0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x4, y4, -0.05)

        gl.glVertex3d(x4, y4, +0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x3, y3, +0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, +0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, +0.05)

    def extrude(self, x1, y1, x2, y2):
        self.setColor(self.trolltechGreen.darker(250 + int(100 * x1)))

        gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, +0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, +0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x2, y2, -0.05)
        gl.glVertex3d(x1, y1, -0.05)

    def normalizeAngle(self, angle):
        while angle < 0:
            angle += 360 * 16
        while angle > 360 * 16:
            angle -= 360 * 16
        return angle

    def setClearColor(self, c):
        gl.glClearColor(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())

    def setColor(self, c):
        gl.glColor4f(c.redF(), c.greenF(), c.blueF(), c.alphaF())


if __name__ == '__main__':

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = Window()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())