java - 抽象类和 toString() 方法

Question

我对如何设置 TestHomework 方法以便在使用 toString() 方法时正确打印感到有点困惑。现在，当我运行 main 方法时，它会打印“null - 0”，但我希望它显示的是“Math - 6”。该程序应该扩展一个抽象类。它应该说明家庭作业有多少页以及什么主题。

public abstract class Homework {

    private int pagesToRead;
    private String typeHomework;

    {
        // initialise instance variables
        pagesToRead = 0;
        typeHomework = "none";
    }

    public Homework(int pages, String hw) {

        this.pagesToRead = pages;
        this.typeHomework = hw;

    }

    public abstract void createAssignment(int p);

    public int getPages() {
        return pagesToRead;
    }

    public void setPagesToRead(int p) {
        pagesToRead = p;
    }

    public String getTypeHomework() {
        return typeHomework;
    }

    public void setTypeHomework(String hw) {
        typeHomework = hw;
    }

}

public class MyMath extends Homework {

    private int pagesRead;
    private String typeHomework;

    public MyMath(int pages, String hw) {
        super(pages,hw);
    }

    public void createAssignment(int p) {
        setTypeHomework("Math");
        setPagesToRead(p);
    }

    public String toString() {
        return typeHomework + " - " + pagesRead;
    }
}

public class TestHomework {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyMath one = new MyMath(6, "Math");
        one.createAssignment(6);
        System.out.println(one);
    }

}

Answer 1

那是因为您正在定义 2 个属性(其中一个恰好与抽象类之一具有相同的名称)但您没有初始化它们，而是初始化了抽象类的属性。 (因此它们的值始终设置为其类型的默认值)

您需要从 MyMath 类中删除它们，并在您的抽象类中定义 toString 方法:它是其继承类默认使用的方法。

public abstract class Homework {

    private int pagesToRead;
    private String typeHomework;

    // Same code

    // Define the toString here
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return typeHomework + " - " + pagesToRead;
    }
}

public class MyMath extends Homework {

    // You don't need to define any extra attributes

    public MyMath(int pages, String hw) {
        super(pages,hw);
    }

    public void createAssignment(int p) {
        setTypeHomework("Math");
        setPagesToRead(p);
    }
}


public static void main(String[] args) {
    // Calls the constructor of the MyMath class, which in turn
    // invokes the constructor of its superclass, the 'Homework' class
    MyMath one = new MyMath(6, "Math");
    one.createAssignment(6);

    // Invokes the toString of the MyMath class. Since it does not have one,
    // The toString method of its superclass (Homework) is called.
    System.out.println(one);
}