cucumber - Gherkin 中的分组步骤或连接场景

Question

我正在使用 Behat 等工具定义要在 BDD 工作流程中使用的功能。或 Cucumber , 使用 Gherkin语。这是迄今为止的特征定义:

Feature: Save Resource
    In order to keep interesting resources that I want to view later
    As a user
    I need to be able to save new resources

    Scenario: Saving a new resource
        Given "http://google.com" is a valid link
        When I insert "http://google.com" as the new resource link
        And I insert "Google Search Engine" as the new resource title
        Then I should see a confirmation message with the inserted link and title
        When I accept
        Then I should have 1 additional resource with the inserted link and title

    Scenario: Aborting saving a new resource
        Given "http://google.com" is a valid link
        When I insert "http://google.com" as the new resource link
        And I insert anything as the new resource title
        Then I should see a confirmation message with the inserted link and title
        When I abort
        Then I should have the same number of resources as before

    Scenario: Saving a resource with invalid link
        Given "http://invalid.link" is an invalid link
        When I insert "http://invalid.link" as the new resource link
        And I insert anything as the new resource title
        Then I should see a confirmation message with the inserted link and title
        When I accept
        Then I should see an error message telling me that the inserted link is invalid

    Scenario: Saving a resource with already saved link
        Given "http://google.com" is an already saved link
        When I insert "http://google.com" as the new resource link
        And I insert anything as the new resource title
        Then I should see a confirmation message with the inserted link and title
        When I accept
        Then I should see an error message telling me that the inserted link already exists

如您所见，在多个场景中重复了很多样板。我知道我可以定义一个 Background ，其中包含在所有场景之前要执行的步骤列表，我可以将所有步骤都放在确认消息中，但如果我这样做了，我就不会能够区分用户可能插入的不同链接和标题。

是否可以定义仅用于某些而不是所有场景的背景？或者可能连接两个场景，例如要求某个场景(我可以重用)在另一个场景之前运行？还是我应该简单地重复样板文件？

Answer 1

继续托马斯的回答

您的场景是复杂且重复的，因为每次它们都在描述用户与应用程序交互的“方式”。 “如何”在场景中没有位置，因为

1. 随着您对自己所做工作的了解越来越多，您做事方式的细节可能会发生变化。您不希望每次更改操作方式的细节时都必须更改场景

2. 在你的场景中加入如何让它们变得乏味、重复、难以阅读且实现起来很昂贵。

3. 描述你的场景通常是一种避免做场景所要做的真正工作的方法，即找出“为什么”你在做某事，并优雅而简洁地定义你正在尝试的“什么”去实现。

n.b.还有很多其他原因

让我们看看当你做这些额外的工作时你的场景变得多么简单

##旧

Scenario: Saving a new resource
    Given "http://google.com" is a valid link
    When I insert "http://google.com" as the new resource link
    And I insert "Google Search Engine" as the new resource title
    Then I should see a confirmation message with the inserted link and title
    When I accept
    Then I should have 1 additional resource with the inserted link and title

##新建

Scenario: Bookmarking
  When I save a bookmark
  Then my bookmark should be saved

##旧

Scenario: Saving a resource with invalid link
  Given "http://invalid.link" is an invalid link
  When I insert "http://invalid.link" as the new resource link
  And I insert anything as the new resource title
  Then I should see a confirmation message with the inserted link and title
  When I accept
  Then I should see an error message telling me that the inserted link is invalid

##新建

Scenario: Bookmark with invalid link
  When I bookmark with an invalid link
  Then I should see an invalid link error

等等

请注意新场景如何清楚地说明您在增加业务值(value)方面所做的工作是多么少!

至于关于背景的问题，如果您需要两个不同的背景，则需要两个不同的 .feature 文件。这是好事!!