java - 制作更改程序GUI

Question

几周前我编写了一个程序以便进行更改，现在我试图将该程序转换为 GUI，但遇到了一些问题。我可以使用 Netbeans Jframe 编辑器制作 gui 并使 gui 看起来很漂亮，这使得我的问题是试图弄清楚如何插入我的代码。我将程序插入第一个 Jbutton，但无法弄清楚如何从 gui 而不是程序获取用户输入。我单击 Jbutton，它要求控制台而不是 GUI 来完成工作。请帮忙。

我的图形用户界面是什么样的

原始代码

public static void main (String[] Args) {

    // Initialize varriables
    int quarters = 25;
    int dimes = 10;
    int nickles = 5;
    int pennies = 1;

    //Loop starts here
    while(true) {

    System.out.println("Enter in a number between 1-99");

    // Blank Output for spacing
    System.out.println();
    // User Input "remember this for reference"
    Scanner Userinput = new Scanner(System.in);


   int input = Userinput.nextInt();


   //while loop end
   if(input<1) {
    break;  //break is a keyword that exits the loop when a condition is met.
   }

   int q = input/quarters;
   input -= q*quarters;
   String A = "Quarters:" +q;

    //Blank Output for spacing
    System.out.println();


   //output quarters
   System.out.println(A);


   int d = input/dimes;
   input -= d*dimes;
   String B = "Dimes:" +d;

   //output dimes
   System.out.println(B);


   int n = input/nickles;
   input -= n*nickles;
   String C = "Nickles:" +n;

   //output nickles
   System.out.println(C);


   int p = input/pennies;
   input -= p*pennies;
   String D = "Pennies:" +p;

   //output pennies
   System.out.println(D);




  } 





   }

使用 Netbeans Jframe 编辑器的 GUI 的当前代码

import java.util.Scanner;

/*
 * To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */

/**
 *
 * @author Christ
 */
public class coin extends javax.swing.JFrame {


public coin() {
    initComponents();
}


@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">                          
private void initComponents() {

    jLabel1 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
    jTextField1 = new javax.swing.JTextField();
    jLabel2 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
    jLabel3 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
    jLabel4 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
    jLabel5 = new javax.swing.JLabel();
    jButton1 = new javax.swing.JButton();
    jButton2 = new javax.swing.JButton();

    setDefaultCloseOperation(javax.swing.WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    jLabel1.setText("Enter a Number (1-99)");

    jTextField1.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
        public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
            jTextField1ActionPerformed(evt);
        }
    });

    jLabel2.setText("Quarters");

    jLabel3.setText("Dimes");

    jLabel4.setText("Nickles");

    jLabel5.setText("Pennies");

    jButton1.setText("Calculate");
    jButton1.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
        public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
            jButton1ActionPerformed(evt);
        }
    });

    jButton2.setText("Clear");

    javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(getContentPane());
    getContentPane().setLayout(layout);
    layout.setHorizontalGroup(
        layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
        .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
            .addContainerGap()
                     .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(jButton1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE,        179, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(18, 18, 18)
                    .addComponent(jButton2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 179, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                .addComponent(jLabel2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 68, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
                    .addComponent(jLabel1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 123, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                    .addGap(68, 68, 68)
                    .addComponent(jTextField1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 114, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
                .addComponent(jLabel3)
                .addComponent(jLabel4)
                .addComponent(jLabel5))
            .addContainerGap(javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
    );
    layout.setVerticalGroup(
        layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
        .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
            .addGap(22, 22, 22)
            .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                .addComponent(jLabel1)
                .addComponent(jTextField1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
            .addGap(55, 55, 55)
            .addComponent(jLabel2)
            .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
            .addComponent(jLabel3)
            .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
            .addComponent(jLabel4)
            .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.UNRELATED)
            .addComponent(jLabel5)
            .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED, 53, Short.MAX_VALUE)
            .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                .addComponent(jButton1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 50, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
                .addComponent(jButton2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, 50, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
            .addContainerGap())
    );

    pack();
}// </editor-fold>                        

private void jTextField1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                            
    // TODO add your handling code here:
}                                           

private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                         
    // TODO add your handling code here:


    // Initialize varriables
    int quarters = 25;
    int dimes = 10;
    int nickles = 5;
    int pennies = 1;

    //Loop starts here
    while(true) {

    System.out.println("Enter in a number between 1-99");

    // Blank Output for spacing
    System.out.println();
    // User Input "remember this for reference"
    Scanner Userinput = new Scanner(System.in);


   int input = Userinput.nextInt();


   //while loop end
   if(input<1) {
    break;  //break is a keyword that exits the loop when a condition is met.
   }

   int q = input/quarters;
   input -= q*quarters;
   String A = "Quarters:" +q;

    //Blank Output for spacing
    System.out.println();


   //output quarters
   System.out.println(A);


   int d = input/dimes;
   input -= d*dimes;
   String B = "Dimes:" +d;

   //output dimes
   System.out.println(B);


   int n = input/nickles;
   input -= n*nickles;
   String C = "Nickles:" +n;

   //output nickles
   System.out.println(C);


   int p = input/pennies;
   input -= p*pennies;
   String D = "Pennies:" +p;

   //output pennies
   System.out.println(D);




  } 







}                                        

/**
 * @param args the command line arguments
 */
public static void main(String args[]) {
    /* Set the Nimbus look and feel */
    //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc=" Look and feel setting code (optional) ">
    /* If Nimbus (introduced in Java SE 6) is not available, stay with the default look and feel.
     * For details see http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/lookandfeel/plaf.html 
     */
    try {
        for (javax.swing.UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : javax.swing.UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels()) {
            if ("Nimbus".equals(info.getName())) {
                javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
                break;
            }
        }
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(coin.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(coin.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(coin.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    } catch (javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(coin.class.getName()).log(java.util.logging.Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
    }
    //</editor-fold>

    /* Create and display the form */
    java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
        public void run() {
            new coin().setVisible(true);
        }
    });
}
// Variables declaration - do not modify                     
private javax.swing.JButton jButton1;
private javax.swing.JButton jButton2;
private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel1;
private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel2;
private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel3;
private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel4;
private javax.swing.JLabel jLabel5;
private javax.swing.JTextField jTextField1;
// End of variables declaration                   
}

现在我认为需要的是放弃将用户输入插入控制台来完成工作的扫描仪，并以某种方式从 GUI 中的文本框获取用户输入，但我完全不知道如何实现这一点

我也是一个初学者，所以如果您能让它易于理解，我们将不胜感激，简单是最好的。

还发现了一个有帮助但无法使用它来尝试使工作达到我想要的效果的图。

链接至图特 http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/33536/An-Introduction-to-Java-GUI-Programming

Answer 1

几年前，Netbeans 因创建复杂的 GUI 代码而赢得了我的声誉。我自己从未真正测试过它，但这对于如此简单的应用程序来说似乎有很多代码。

将基于控制台的应用程序转换为基于 GUI 的应用程序时，您必须问自己这个问题:用户如何与系统交互？

就您而言，您的控制台应用程序通过以下方式与用户交互:

1. 输出输入提示
2. 接受输入

现在，您必须解决如何将这两种交互更改为 GUI 布局。它应该对现有代码进行极少的修改，同时添加 GUI 代码来处理输入/输出。

就您而言，您有一个充当提示的标签、一个容纳输入的文本区域以及一个充当接受输入的按钮。

所以你的程序流程是这样的:用户在文本区域中输入 -> 用户点击提交 -> 系统接受输入并处理它 -> 系统输出以 25 美分、10 美分等形式变化的内容。

现在，我们对其进行编码...

第 1 步:设置 GUI 机制。你已经掌握了

第 2 步:处理用户输入:您可以在“计算”按钮的处理程序中执行此操作，在您的情况下，该按钮显示为 jButton1ActionPerformed

private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                         
    // Initialize varriables
    int quarters = 25;
    int dimes = 10;
    int nickles = 5;
    int pennies = 1;

    try {
        int input = Integer.parseInt(jTextField1.getText());
    }
    catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        //prompt user to enter an integer, not erroneous input
        //e.printStackTrace();
    }

    //future code
}

请注意输入与控制台应用程序中的功能如何相同，我们只是通过不同的方式获取它。由于GUI系统是由用户输入驱动的，因此我们不应该连续循环直到用户输入有效输入，我们只需告诉用户他们的输入无效，然后让他们输入有效的数字。我们检查数字是否有效(输入1到99之间)并进行处理，否则不执行任何操作(并提示输入有效？)

private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {                                         
    // Initialize varriables
    int quarters = 25;
    int dimes = 10;
    int nickles = 5;
    int pennies = 1;

    try {
        int input = Integer.parseInt(jTextField1.getText());
    }
    catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        //prompt user to enter an integer, not erroneous input
        //e.printStackTrace();
    }

    //if input in the range of [1, 99]
    if(1 <= input && input <= 99) {
        //do processing
    }
    else {
        //prompt user for valid input, for example by using JOptionPane
    }
}

现在:输出。您无需在 A、B、C 和 D 上执行 System.out.println，而只需设置代表四分之一、一毛钱等金额的 JComponent 文本。目前，您的总计似乎缺少标签/文本区域，因此我首先添加它们，然后使用 setText(A)、setText(B) 等。